Smith Richard W, Seymour Colin B, Moccia Richard D, Mothersill Carmel E
Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Res. 2016 Feb;145:26-38. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.019. Epub 2015 Dec 6.
The bystander effect, a non-targeted effect (NTE) of radiation, which describes the response by non-irradiated organisms to signals emitted by irradiated organisms, has been documented in a number of fish species. However transgenerational effects of radiation (including NTE) have yet to be studied in fish. Therefore rainbow trout, which were irradiated as eggs at 48h after fertilisation, eyed eggs, yolk sac larvae or first feeders, were bred to generate a F1 generation and these F1 fish were bred to generate a F2 generation. F1 and F2 fish were swam with non-irradiated bystander fish. Media from explants of F1 eyed eggs, F1 one year old fish gill and F1 two year old fish gill and spleen samples, and F2 two year old gill and spleen samples, as well as from bystander eggs/fish, was used to treat a reporter cell line, which was then assayed for changes in cellular survival/growth. The results were complex and dependent on irradiation history, age (in the case of the F1 generation), and were tissue specific. For example, irradiation of one parent often resulted in effects not seen with irradiation of both parents. This suggests that, unlike mammals, in certain circumstances maternal and paternal irradiation may be equally important. This study also showed that trout can induce a bystander effect 2 generations after irradiation, which further emphasises the importance of the bystander effect in aquatic radiobiology. Given the complex community structure in aquatic ecosystems, these results may have significant implications for environmental radiological protection.
旁观者效应是辐射的一种非靶向效应（NTE），描述了未受辐照的生物体对受辐照生物体发出信号的反应，这已在多种鱼类中得到证实。然而，辐射的跨代效应（包括NTE）在鱼类中尚未得到研究。因此，将受精后48小时的鱼卵、有眼鱼卵、卵黄囊幼虫或初次摄食期的虹鳟进行辐照，然后进行繁殖以产生F1代，这些F1代鱼再进行繁殖以产生F2代。将F1和F2代鱼与未受辐照的旁观者鱼一起饲养。来自F1有眼鱼卵、F1一岁鱼鳃、F1两岁鱼鳃和脾脏样本、F2两岁鱼鳃和脾脏样本以及旁观者鱼卵/鱼的外植体培养基，用于处理一种报告细胞系，然后检测该细胞系在细胞存活/生长方面的变化。结果很复杂，取决于辐照历史、年龄（在F1代的情况下），并且具有组织特异性。例如，一方亲本受辐照往往会产生双亲受辐照时未出现的效应。这表明，与哺乳动物不同，在某些情况下，母本和父本的辐照可能同样重要。这项研究还表明，虹鳟在辐照两代后仍可诱导旁观者效应，这进一步强调了旁观者效应在水生放射生物学中的重要性。鉴于水生生态系统中复杂的群落结构，这些结果可能对环境辐射防护具有重大意义。
