Dubost Clément, Pasquier Pierre, Kearns Kévin, Ficko Cécile, Rapp Christophe, Wolff Michel, Richard Jean-Christophe, Diehl Jean-Luc, Le Tulzo Yves, Mérat Stéphane
Anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine, Begin Military Hospital, 69, avenue de Paris, 94163 Saint-Mande, France.
Infectious disease, Begin Military Hospital, 69, avenue de Paris, 94163 Saint-Mande, France.
Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2015 Dec;34(6):349-55. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2015.10.002. Epub 2015 Nov 24.
The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is a major challenge for the worldwide medical community. On April 29th 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared 26,277 infected cases; among them, 10,884 have deceased. The epidemic is still ongoing, particularly in Sierra Leone. It is now clear that northern countries will be implicated in the care of EVD patients, both in the field and back at home. Because of the severity of EVD, a fair amount of patients may require intensive care. It is highly probable that intensive care would be able to significantly reduce the mortality linked with EVD. The preparation of a modern Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to treat an EVD patient in good conditions requires time and specific equipment. The cornerstone of this preparation includes two main goals: treating the patient and protecting healthcare providers. Staff training is time consuming and must be performed far in advance of patient arrival. To be efficient, preparation should be planned at a national level with help from public authorities, as was the case in France during the summer of 2014. Due to the severity of the disease, the high risk of transmission and scarce knowledge on EVD treatment, our propositions are necessarily original and innovative. Our review includes four topics: a brief report on the actual outbreak, where to receive and hospitalize the patients, the specific organization of the ICU and finally ethical aspects.
当前西非爆发的埃博拉病毒病（EVD）疫情对全球医学界来说是一项重大挑战。2015年4月29日，世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布有26277例感染病例；其中10884人已死亡。疫情仍在持续，尤其是在塞拉利昂。现在很明显，北方国家无论是在疫区还是在国内都将参与到埃博拉病毒病患者的护理工作中。由于埃博拉病毒病的严重性，相当数量的患者可能需要重症监护。重症监护很有可能能够显著降低与埃博拉病毒病相关的死亡率。准备一个条件良好的现代化重症监护病房（ICU）来治疗埃博拉病毒病患者需要时间和特定设备。这项准备工作的基石包括两个主要目标：治疗患者和保护医护人员。员工培训耗时且必须在患者到来之前很早就进行。为了高效开展工作，应在国家层面在公共当局的帮助下进行准备，就像2014年夏天法国的情况那样。鉴于该疾病的严重性、高传播风险以及对埃博拉病毒病治疗的了解匮乏，我们的提议必然具有原创性和创新性。我们的综述包括四个主题：关于当前疫情的简要报告、患者的收治地点和住院安排、重症监护病房的具体组织以及最后的伦理方面。
