Cepeda-Nieto Ana Cecilia, Esquivel-Contreras María Teresa, Duran-Iñiguez Francisco, Salinas-Santander Mauricio Andrés, Gallardo-Blanco Hugo Leonid, Esparza-González Sandra Cecilia, Zugasti-Cruz Alejandro, Morlett-Chávez Jesús Antonio, Córdova-Alvelais Luis Tlaloc
Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico.
Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico.
Exp Ther Med. 2015 Aug;10(2):435-444. doi: 10.3892/etm.2015.2520. Epub 2015 May 26.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the primary causes of blindness in the working age population and is characterized by angiogenesis in the retina. Platelets have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. The integrin receptor for collagen/laminin, α2β1, mediates platelet primary adhesion to subendothelial tissues, which is an essential first step in thrombus formation. The gene encoding the α2 subunit of α2β1 integrin has ≥8 polymorphisms, including a II/I restriction fragment length polymorphism. To explore the prevalence of DR in a population from Northeastern Mexico, unrelated, hospitalized patients who had received a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) at least 10 years previously were recruited (n=177). DR was diagnosed in a masked manner by independent ophthalmologists using fundus images captured using a non-mydriatic retinal camera. A total of 121 patients with DM2 (68%) had some degree of DR development (DR patients), and 56 patients with DM2 (32%) did not exhibit any sign of DR (No-DR patients). The results showed that after 15 years of DM2 progression, there is an increased risk of DR (P=0.0497; odds ratio, 1.993). In addition, insulin therapy and family history of DM2 were significantly associated with DR. In order to detect a possible association between DR and II/I α2 gene polymorphisms, a comparative cross-sectional study between DR and No-DR patients was conducted. The α2 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Statistical analysis revealed no association between II/I genotypes and the development of DR in this group of patients. In conclusion, the present data indicate a high prevalence of DR in the Mexican population and suggest that the damage in DR is due to other factors, such as the duration of the DM2, and is not linked to II/I α2 gene polymorphisms.
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是工作年龄人群失明的主要原因之一，其特征是视网膜血管生成。血小板被认为参与了糖尿病微血管并发症的发病机制。胶原蛋白/层粘连蛋白的整合素受体α2β1介导血小板与内皮下组织的初始黏附，这是血栓形成的关键第一步。编码α2β1整合素α2亚基的基因有≥8种多态性，包括一种II/I限制性片段长度多态性。为了探究墨西哥东北部人群中DR的患病率，招募了至少在10年前被诊断为2型糖尿病（DM2）的无亲属关系的住院患者（n = 177）。由独立的眼科医生使用非散瞳视网膜相机拍摄的眼底图像以盲法诊断DR。共有121例DM2患者（68%）出现了一定程度的DR进展（DR患者），56例DM2患者（32%）未表现出任何DR迹象（无DR患者）。结果显示，DM2进展15年后，DR风险增加（P = 0.0497；比值比，1.993）。此外，胰岛素治疗和DM2家族史与DR显著相关。为了检测DR与II/I α2基因多态性之间可能存在的关联，对DR患者和无DR患者进行了一项比较性横断面研究。通过聚合酶链反应 - 限制性片段长度多态性分析对α2基因进行基因分型。统计分析显示，在这组患者中，II/I基因型与DR的发生之间无关联。总之，目前的数据表明DR在墨西哥人群中的患病率很高，并提示DR中的损伤是由其他因素引起的，如DM2的病程，且与II/I α2基因多态性无关。
