Stolz Erwin, Großschädl Franziska, Mayerl Hannes, Rásky Éva, Freidl Wolfgang
Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsstrasse 6/I, Graz, 8010, Austria.
Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 6, Graz, 8010, Austria.
BMC Med Ethics. 2015 Dec 1;16(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12910-015-0076-y.
End-of-life decisions remain a hotly debated issue in many European countries and the acceptance in the general population can act as an important anchor point in these discussions. Previous studies on determinants of the acceptance of end-of-life interventions in the general population have not systematically assessed whether determinants differ between withdrawal of life-prolonging treatment (WLPT) and euthanasia (EUT).
A large, representative survey of the Austrian adult population conducted in 2014 (n = 1,971) included items on WLPT and EUT. We constructed the following categorical outcome: (1) rejection of both WLPT and EUT, (2) approval of WLPT but rejection of EUT, and (3) approval of both WLPT and EUT. The influence of socio-demographics, personal experiences, and religious and socio-cultural orientations on the three levels of approval were assessed via multinomial logistic regression analysis.
Higher education and stronger socio-cultural liberal orientations increased the likelihood of approving both WLPT and EUT; personal experience with end-of-life care increased only the likelihood of approval of WLPT; and religiosity decreased approval of EUT only.
This study found evidence for both shared (education, liberalism) and different (religiosity, care experiences) determinants for the acceptance of WLPT and EUT.
在许多欧洲国家，临终决策仍是一个备受争议的问题，而普通民众的接受度可成为这些讨论中的一个重要支撑点。以往关于普通民众对临终干预接受度的决定因素的研究，尚未系统评估在撤除延长生命治疗（WLPT）和安乐死（EUT）之间决定因素是否存在差异。
2014年对奥地利成年人口进行的一项大型代表性调查（n = 1971）包含了关于WLPT和EUT的项目。我们构建了以下分类结果：（1）拒绝WLPT和EUT两者，（2）批准WLPT但拒绝EUT，以及（3）批准WLPT和EUT两者。通过多项逻辑回归分析评估社会人口统计学、个人经历以及宗教和社会文化取向对三个批准水平的影响。
高等教育和更强的社会文化自由主义取向增加了批准WLPT和EUT两者的可能性；临终护理的个人经历仅增加了批准WLPT的可能性；而宗教信仰仅降低了对EUT的批准率。
本研究发现了支持接受WLPT和EUT存在共同（教育、自由主义）和不同（宗教信仰、护理经历）决定因素的证据。
