Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St., Suite 3027, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1017 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Curr Obes Rep. 2014 Mar;3(1):91-100. doi: 10.1007/s13679-013-0084-5.
Animal studies of delayed eating have provided useful information regarding the potential relationship between nighttime eating and increased weight and metabolic dysregulation, which occur in the absence of increased locomotion or increased caloric intake. We first review recent studies detailing these relationships and possible mechanisms in rodents. We then examine human data showing that sleep restriction leads to increased energy intake and weight gain, followed by a review of the human phenotype of delayed eating, night eating syndrome, and its relation to weight and metabolism. Finally, we examine human experimental studies of delayed eating and discuss preliminary data that show slight weight gain, dysfunction in energy expenditure, and abnormalities in the circadian rhythms of appetitive, stress, and sleep hormones. Well-controlled, longer-term experimental studies in humans are warranted to test the effect of delayed eating without sleep restriction to clarify whether limiting or eliminating nighttime eating could lead to weight loss and significantly improve related disorders, such as diabetes and heart disease, over time.
动物研究延迟进食提供了有用的信息，关于夜间进食和增加体重和代谢失调之间的潜在关系，发生在没有增加运动或增加热量摄入的情况下。我们首先回顾了最近的研究，详细描述了这些关系和可能的机制在啮齿动物。然后，我们检查了显示睡眠限制导致能量摄入增加和体重增加的人类数据，然后回顾了延迟进食、夜间进食综合征及其与体重和代谢的关系的人类表型。最后，我们研究了人类延迟进食的实验研究，并讨论了初步数据，表明体重略有增加，能量消耗功能障碍，以及食欲、压力和睡眠激素的昼夜节律异常。需要进行精心控制的、长期的人类实验研究，以测试延迟进食而不限制睡眠的效果，以澄清限制或消除夜间进食是否会导致体重减轻，并随着时间的推移显著改善相关疾病，如糖尿病和心脏病。
