Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Curr Biol. 2021 Feb 8;31(3):650-657.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.092. Epub 2020 Nov 30.
A delayed eating schedule is associated with increased risk of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in humans. However, there are no prolonged, highly controlled experimental studies testing the effects of meal timing on weight and metabolism in adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 19-27 kg/m. Twelve healthy adults (age: 26.3 ± 3.4 years; BMI: 21.9 ± 1.7 kg/m; 5 females) participated in a randomized crossover study in free-living conditions. Three meals and two snacks with comparable energy and macronutrient contents were provided during two, 8-week, counterbalanced conditions separated by a 2-week washout period: (1) daytime (intake limited to 0800 h-1900 h) and (2) delayed (intake limited to 1200 h-2300 h). Sleep-wake cycles and exercise levels were held constant. Weight, adiposity, energy expenditure, and circadian profiles of hormones and metabolites were assessed during four inpatient visits occurring before and after each condition. Body weight, insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), trunk-to-leg fat ratio, resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, and fasting glucose, insulin, total and high-density lipoprotein (dHDL) cholesterol, and adiponectin decreased on the daytime compared to the delayed schedule. These measures, as well as triglycerides, increased on the delayed compared to the daytime schedule (effect size range: d = 0.397-1.019). Circadian phase and amplitude of melatonin, cortisol, ghrelin, leptin, and glucose were not differentially altered by the eating schedules. Overall, an 8-week daytime eating schedule, compared to a delayed eating schedule, promotes weight loss and improvements in energy metabolism and insulin in adults with BMI 19-27 kg/m, underscoring the efficacy and feasibility of daytime eating as a behavioral modification for real-world conditions.
进食时间延迟与人类肥胖和代谢功能障碍的风险增加有关。然而，目前还没有经过长时间、高度控制的实验研究来测试用餐时间对 19-27kg/m2 体重指数的成年人的体重和代谢的影响。12 名健康成年人（年龄：26.3±3.4 岁；BMI：21.9±1.7kg/m2；5 名女性）参与了一项在自由生活条件下进行的随机交叉研究。在两个为期 8 周的、相互平衡的条件下，提供了三顿正餐和两份零食，能量和宏量营养素含量相当：（1）白天（摄入时间限制在 0800h-1900h）和（2）延迟（摄入时间限制在 1200h-2300h）。保持睡眠-觉醒周期和运动水平不变。在每个条件前后的 4 次住院就诊期间，评估体重、肥胖程度、能量消耗以及激素和代谢物的昼夜节律特征。与延迟时间表相比，在白天，体重、胰岛素抵抗（稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗[HOMA-IR]）、躯干到腿部脂肪比、静息能量消耗、呼吸商以及空腹血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白（dHDL）胆固醇和脂联素降低。与白天时间表相比，这些措施以及甘油三酯在延迟时间表上增加（效应大小范围：d=0.397-1.019）。进食时间安排不会改变褪黑素、皮质醇、胃饥饿素、瘦素和葡萄糖的昼夜节律相位和幅度。总的来说，与延迟进食时间表相比，8 周的白天进食时间表可促进体重减轻，并改善 BMI 为 19-27kg/m2 的成年人的能量代谢和胰岛素，这突显了白天进食作为一种行为改变在现实条件下的有效性和可行性。
