Cox Vanessa E, Gaucher Eric A
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
School of Biology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
Curr Protoc Chem Biol. 2015 Dec 2;7(4):223-228. doi: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch150115.
Unnatural amino acids have in recent years established their importance in a wide range of fields, from pharmaceuticals to polymer science. Unnatural amino acids can increase the number of chemical groups within proteins and thus expand or enhance biological function. Our ability to utilize these important building blocks, however, has been limited by the inherent difficulty in incorporating these molecules into proteins. To address this challenge, researchers have examined how the canonical twenty amino acids are incorporated, regulated, and modified in nature. This review focuses on achievements and techniques used to engineer the ribosomal protein-translation machinery, including the introduction of orthogonal translation components, how directed evolution enhances the incorporation of unnatural amino acids, and the potential utility of ancient biomolecules for this process.
近年来，非天然氨基酸已在从药物到聚合物科学等广泛领域确立了其重要性。非天然氨基酸可以增加蛋白质中的化学基团数量，从而扩展或增强生物功能。然而，我们利用这些重要构件的能力一直受到将这些分子纳入蛋白质的固有困难的限制。为应对这一挑战，研究人员研究了自然界中标准的20种氨基酸是如何被纳入、调控和修饰的。本综述重点关注用于改造核糖体蛋白质翻译机制的成果和技术，包括引入正交翻译组件、定向进化如何增强非天然氨基酸的纳入，以及古代生物分子在此过程中的潜在用途。
