Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States.
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Jan 5;50(1):428-34. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04826. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), including 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), are extensively used in food, cosmetic and plastic industries. Nevertheless, limited information is available on human exposures, other than the dietary sources, to SPAs. In this study, occurrence of 9 SPAs and their metabolites/degradation products was determined in 339 indoor dust collected from 12 countries. BHT was found in 99.5% of indoor dust samples from homes and microenvironments at concentrations that ranged from < LOQ to 118 μg/g and 0.10 to 3460 μg/g, respectively. This is the first study to measure BHT metabolites in house dust (0.01-35.1 μg/g) and their concentrations accounted for 9.2-58% of the sum concentrations (∑SPAs). 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (BHT-CHO), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (BHT-OH), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BHT-Q) were the major derivatives of BHT found in dust samples. The concentrations of gallic acid esters (gallates) in dust from homes and microenvironments ranged from < LOQ to 18.2 and < LOQ to 684 μg/g, respectively. The concentrations and profiles of SPAs varied among countries and microenvironments. Significantly elevated concentrations of SPAs were found in dust from an e-waste workshop (1530 μg/g). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of BHT via house dust ingestion ranged from 0.40 to 222 ng/kg/d (95th percentile).
合成酚类抗氧化剂（SPAs），包括 2,6-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲苯（BHT），广泛应用于食品、化妆品和塑料工业。然而，除了饮食来源之外，人类接触 SPA 的信息有限。在这项研究中，从 12 个国家采集的 339 份室内灰尘中确定了 9 种 SPA 及其代谢物/降解产物的存在情况。在家庭和微环境中的室内灰尘样本中，发现了 99.5%的 BHT，浓度范围从<检出限到 118μg/g 和 0.10 到 3460μg/g。这是首次测量房屋灰尘中 BHT 代谢物（0.01-35.1μg/g）及其浓度占 SPA 总量（∑SPAs）的 9.2-58%的研究。在灰尘样品中发现的 BHT 的主要衍生物是 3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醛（BHT-CHO）、2,6-二叔丁基-4-（羟甲基）苯酚（BHT-OH）和 2,6-二叔丁基-1,4-苯醌（BHT-Q）。家庭和微环境中灰尘中的没食子酸酯（没食子酸盐）浓度范围分别为<检出限到 18.2 和<检出限到 684μg/g。不同国家和微环境中的 SPA 浓度和分布情况存在差异。在电子废物车间的灰尘中发现了 SPA 浓度显著升高（1530μg/g）。通过摄入房屋灰尘而摄入 BHT 的估计每日摄入量（EDI）范围为 0.40 至 222ng/kg/d（95%置信区间）。
