Panis Carolina, Pavanelli Wander Rogério
Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Campus Francisco Beltrão, Rua Maringá 1200, 85605-010 Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil.
Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, State University of Londrina, UEL, PR, Brazil.
Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:129034. doi: 10.1155/2015/129034. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
Pain is a clinical sign of inflammation found in a wide variety of chronic pathologies, including cancer. The occurrence of pain in patients carrying breast tumors is reported and is associated with aspects concerning disease spreading, treatment, and surgical intervention. The persistence of pain in patients submitted to breast surgery is estimated in a range from 21% to 55% and may affect patients before and after surgery. Beyond the physical compression exerted by the metastatic mass expansion and tissue injury found in breast cancer, inflammatory components that are significantly produced by the host-tumor interaction can significantly contribute to the generation of pain. In this context, cytokines have been studied aiming to establish a cause-effect relationship in cancer pain-related syndromes, especially the proinflammatory ones. Few reports have investigated the relationship between pain and cytokines in women carrying advanced breast cancer. In this scenario, the present review analyzes the main cytokines produced in breast cancer and discusses the evidences from literature regarding its role in specific clinical features related with this pathology.
疼痛是多种慢性疾病（包括癌症）中发现的炎症临床体征。据报道，患有乳腺肿瘤的患者会出现疼痛，且与疾病扩散、治疗和手术干预等方面有关。接受乳房手术的患者中疼痛持续存在的比例估计在21%至55%之间，可能会影响手术前后的患者。除了乳腺癌中转移肿块扩张和组织损伤所产生的物理压迫外，宿主与肿瘤相互作用显著产生的炎症成分也会对疼痛的产生有显著影响。在这种情况下，人们对细胞因子进行了研究，旨在建立癌症疼痛相关综合征（尤其是促炎综合征）中的因果关系。很少有报告调查晚期乳腺癌女性患者疼痛与细胞因子之间的关系。在这种情况下，本综述分析了乳腺癌中产生的主要细胞因子，并讨论了文献中关于其在与该疾病相关的特定临床特征中作用的证据。
