Mattiello Alessandro, Filippi Antonio, Pošćić Filip, Musetti Rita, Salvatici Maria C, Giordano Cristiana, Vischi Massimo, Bertolini Alberto, Marchiol Luca
Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine Udine, Italy.
Centro di Microscopie Elettroniche "Laura Bonzi", Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Firenze, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2015 Nov 25;6:1043. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01043. eCollection 2015.
Engineered nanoscale materials (ENMs) are considered emerging contaminants since they are perceived as a potential threat to the environment and the human health. The reactions of living organisms when exposed to metal nanoparticles (NPs) or NPs of different size are not well known. Very few studies on NPs-plant interactions have been published, so far. For this reason there is also great concern regarding the potential NPs impact to food safety. Early genotoxic and phytotoxic effects of cerium oxide NPs (nCeO2) and titanium dioxide NPs (nTiO2) were investigated in seedlings of Hordeum vulgare L. Caryopses were exposed to an aqueous dispersion of nCeO2 and nTiO2 at, respectively 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg l(-1) for 7 days. Genotoxicity was studied by Randomly Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPDs) and mitotic index on root tip cells. Differences between treated and control plants were observed in RAPD banding patterns as well as at the chromosomal level with a reduction of cell divisions. At cellular level we monitored the oxidative stress of treated plants in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ATP content. Again nCeO2 influenced clearly these two physiological parameters, while nTiO2 were ineffective. In particular, the dose 500 mg l(-1) showed the highest increase regarding both ROS generation and ATP content; the phenomenon were detectable, at different extent, both at root and shoot level. Total Ce and Ti concentration in seedlings was detected by ICP-OES. TEM EDSX microanalysis demonstrated the presence of aggregates of nCeO2 and nTiO2 within root cells of barley. nCeO2 induced modifications in the chromatin aggregation mode in the nuclei of both root and shoot cells.
工程纳米材料（ENMs）被视为新兴污染物，因为它们被认为对环境和人类健康构成潜在威胁。生物体在接触金属纳米颗粒（NPs）或不同尺寸的纳米颗粒时的反应尚不清楚。到目前为止，关于纳米颗粒与植物相互作用的研究很少。因此，人们也非常关注纳米颗粒对食品安全的潜在影响。在大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）幼苗中研究了氧化铈纳米颗粒（nCeO2）和二氧化钛纳米颗粒（nTiO2）的早期遗传毒性和植物毒性作用。将颖果分别暴露于浓度为0、500、1000和2000 mg l(-1)的nCeO2和nTiO2水分散液中7天。通过随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）和根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数研究遗传毒性。在RAPD条带模式以及染色体水平上观察到处理过的植物与对照植物之间的差异，细胞分裂减少。在细胞水平上，我们根据活性氧（ROS）的产生和ATP含量监测处理过的植物的氧化应激。同样，nCeO2明显影响这两个生理参数，而nTiO2则无效。特别是，500 mg l(-1)的剂量在ROS产生和ATP含量方面都显示出最高的增加；这种现象在根和地上部分都能在不同程度上检测到。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-OES）检测幼苗中的总铈和钛浓度。透射电子显微镜能谱分析（TEM EDSX）表明在大麦根细胞中存在nCeO2和nTiO2的聚集体。nCeO2诱导根和地上部分细胞核中染色质聚集模式的改变。
