Stewart M J
Dalhousie University, School of Nursing, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Int J Nurs Stud. 1989;26(2):115-29. doi: 10.1016/0020-7489(89)90028-x.
Nurses contribute to the social support field primarily through study of clinical and community populations. A review of the target populations identified in 63 empirical studies of social support conducted in the past decade revealed that nurses have, to date, studied populations central to their profession's activities and concerns. They have uniquely focused on surgical patients, the chronically ill, expectant couples and parents of infants, the bereaved, and lay caregivers. These target groups have suffered from maturational (transitional) and/or situational stressors. However, some at-risk groups have been overlooked; in particular, children, males only, native peoples, the poor, the unemployed, and the victims of child and elder abuse. Nurses practice in diverse institutional and community-based sites, and hence have direct contact with all these population groups. Once the features of a population that make it a fruitful focus of study by nurse investigators are identified, pertinent interventions can be tested.
护士主要通过对临床和社区人群的研究为社会支持领域做出贡献。对过去十年进行的63项社会支持实证研究中确定的目标人群的回顾显示，迄今为止，护士研究的是与其职业活动和关注点核心相关的人群。他们独特地聚焦于外科手术患者、慢性病患者、准父母和婴儿父母、 bereaved（此处未明确中文对应，可能是“丧亲者”之类意思）以及非专业护理人员。这些目标群体遭受了成熟（过渡）和/或情境性压力源的影响。然而，一些高危群体被忽视了；特别是儿童、仅男性、原住民、穷人、失业者以及儿童和老年人虐待的受害者。护士在各种机构和社区场所执业，因此与所有这些人群直接接触。一旦确定了使某一人群成为护士研究者富有成效的研究重点的特征，就可以测试相关干预措施。
