de C Hamilton Antonia F
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 Jan 19;371(1686):20150080. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0080.
Direct gaze is an engaging and important social cue, but the meaning of direct gaze depends heavily on the surrounding context. This paper reviews some recent studies of direct gaze, to understand more about what neural and cognitive systems are engaged by this social cue and why. The data show that gaze can act as an arousal cue and can modulate actions, and can activate brain regions linked to theory of mind and self-related processing. However, all these results are strongly modulated by the social meaning of a gaze cue and by whether participants believe that another person is really watching them. The implications of these contextual effects and audience effects for our theories of gaze are considered.
直接注视是一种引人关注且重要的社交线索,但直接注视的含义在很大程度上取决于周围环境。本文回顾了一些近期关于直接注视的研究,以更深入了解这种社交线索涉及哪些神经和认知系统以及原因。数据表明,注视可以作为一种唤醒线索,能够调节行为,并能激活与心理理论和自我相关加工相关的脑区。然而,所有这些结果都受到注视线索的社会意义以及参与者是否相信另一个人真的在注视他们的强烈调节。本文考虑了这些情境效应和观众效应对于我们注视理论的影响。