Department of Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dimence Groep, Nico Bolkesteinlaan 1, 7416 SB Deventer, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Aug 18;21(8):1092. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21081092.
Eye contact is one of the most fundamental forms of interhuman communication. However, to date, there has been no comprehensive research comparing how eye contact is made and interpreted in all possible populations worldwide. This study presents a summary of the existing literature on these modalities stratified to social categorizations and psychiatric disorders.
A scoping review with critical appraisal of the literature according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Databases AnthroSource, Medline, CINAHL, the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (EBSCO) and PsychInfo were searched.
7068 articles were screened for both the grey literature and reference lists, of which 385 were included, 282 for social categorizations and 103 for psychiatric disorders. In total, 603 thematic clustered outcomes of variations were included. Methodological quality was generally moderate to good.
There is a great degree of variation in the presentation and interpretation of eye contact between and within populations. It remains unclear why specific variations occur in populations. Additionally, no gold standard for how eye contact should be used or interpreted emerged from the studies. Further research into the reason for differences in eye contact between and within populations is recommended.
眼神交流是人际沟通中最基本的形式之一。然而，迄今为止，尚无全面的研究比较全球所有可能的人群中眼神交流的方式和解释。本研究总结了关于这些模态的现有文献，根据社会分类和精神障碍进行了分层。
根据乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）的方法进行范围审查和文献批判性评估。搜索了 AnthroSource、Medline、CINAHL、EBSCO 的心理学和行为科学收藏以及 PsychInfo 数据库。
筛选了灰色文献和参考文献，共筛查出 7068 篇文章，其中 385 篇被纳入，282 篇用于社会分类，103 篇用于精神障碍。总共包括 603 个主题聚类的变化结果。方法学质量总体为中等至良好。
人群之间和人群内部的眼神交流呈现和解释存在很大程度的差异。目前尚不清楚为什么特定的人群会出现特定的变化。此外，研究中也没有出现关于如何使用或解释眼神交流的黄金标准。建议进一步研究人群之间和内部眼神交流差异的原因。
