Pillaud Vincent, Rigaud David, Clémence Alain
Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2015 Dec 8;10(12):e0144582. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144582. eCollection 2015.
We tested whether stereotypical situations would affect low-status group members' performance more strongly than high-status group members'. Experiment 1 and 2 tested this hypothesis using gender as a proxy of chronic social status and a gender-neutral task that has been randomly presented to favor boys (men superiority condition), favor girls (women superiority condition), or show no gender preference (control condition). Both experiments found that women's (Experiment 1) and girls' performance (Experiment 2) suffered more from the evoked stereotypes than did men's and boys' ones. This result was replicated in Experiment 3, indicating that short men (low-status group) were more affected compared to tall men (high-status group). Additionally, men were more affected compared to women when they perceived height as a threat. Hence, individuals are more or less vulnerable to identity threats as a function of the chronic social status at play; enjoying a high status provides protection and endorsing a low one weakens individual performance in stereotypical situations.
我们测试了与高地位群体成员相比，刻板印象情境是否会对低地位群体成员的表现产生更强烈的影响。实验1和实验2使用性别作为长期社会地位的替代指标，并采用一项对性别中立的任务，该任务被随机呈现以有利于男孩（男性优势条件）、有利于女孩（女性优势条件）或不显示性别偏好（控制条件）来检验这一假设。两个实验均发现，与男性和男孩相比，女性（实验1）和女孩（实验2）的表现因引发的刻板印象而受到的影响更大。这一结果在实验3中得到了重复，表明与高个子男性（高地位群体）相比，矮个子男性（低地位群体）受到的影响更大。此外，当男性将身高视为一种威胁时，他们比女性受到的影响更大。因此，个体或多或少容易受到身份威胁的影响，这取决于所涉及的长期社会地位；享有高地位能提供保护，而认同低地位则会削弱个体在刻板印象情境中的表现。
