Adamo Kristi B, Wilson Shanna, Harvey Alysha L J, Grattan Kimberly P, Naylor Patti-Jean, Temple Viviene A, Goldfield Gary S
1School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA; 2Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA; 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA; 4School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CANADA; 5School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA; and 6Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 May;48(5):926-32. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000838.
Knowing that motor skills will not develop to their full potential without opportunities to practice in environments that are stimulating and supportive, we evaluated the effect of a physical activity (PA)-based intervention targeting childcare providers on fundamental movement skills (FMS) in preschoolers attending childcare centers.
In this two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial, six licensed childcare centers in Ottawa, Canada, were randomly allocated into one of two groups (three controls, n = 43; three interventions, n = 40). Participants were between the ages of 3 and 5 yr. Childcare providers in the experimental condition received two 3-h workshops and a training manual at program initiation aimed at increasing PA through active play and several in-center "booster" sessions throughout the 6-month intervention. Control childcare centers implemented their standard curriculum. FMS were measured at baseline and 6 months using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2.
Groups did not differ on sociodemographic variables. Compared with control, children in the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in their standardized gross motor quotient (score, 5.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.74-10.67; P = 0.025 and gross motor quotient percentile, 13.33; 95% CI, 2.17-24.49; P = 0.020). Over the 6-month study period, the intervention group showed a significantly greater increase in locomotor skills score (1.20; 95% CI, 0.18-2.22; P = 0.022) than the control group. There was a significant decrease in the object control scores in the control group over the study period.
A childcare provider-led PA-based intervention increased the FMS in preschoolers, driven by the change in locomotor skills. The childcare environment may represent a viable public health approach for promoting motor skill development to support future engagement in PA.
鉴于运动技能若没有在刺激且支持性的环境中进行练习的机会，便无法充分发展，我们评估了一项针对儿童保育工作者的基于体育活动（PA）的干预措施对就读于儿童保育中心的学龄前儿童基本运动技能（FMS）的影响。
在这项双臂整群随机对照试验中，加拿大渥太华的六家持牌儿童保育中心被随机分为两组（三个对照组，n = 43；三个干预组，n = 40）。参与者年龄在3至5岁之间。实验条件下的儿童保育工作者在项目启动时接受了两次3小时的工作坊和一本培训手册，旨在通过积极游戏增加体育活动，并在整个6个月的干预期间进行了几次中心内的“强化”课程。对照儿童保育中心实施其标准课程。使用粗大运动发展测试-2在基线和6个月时测量FMS。
两组在社会人口统计学变量上没有差异。与对照组相比，干预组儿童的标准化粗大运动商数有显著更大的改善（得分，5.70；95%置信区间[95%CI]，0.74 - 10.67；P = 0.025）以及粗大运动商数百分位数（13.33；95%CI，2.17 - 24.49；P = 0.020）。在6个月的研究期间，干预组的运动技能得分显著高于对照组（1.20；95%CI，0.18 - 2.22；P = 0.022）。在研究期间，对照组的物体控制得分显著下降。
由儿童保育工作者主导的基于PA的干预措施提高了学龄前儿童的FMS，这是由运动技能的变化驱动的。儿童保育环境可能是促进运动技能发展以支持未来参与体育活动的一种可行的公共卫生方法。
