结构化和非结构化干预对学龄前儿童基本运动技能的影响：荟萃分析。
Effects of structured and unstructured interventions on fundamental motor skills in preschool children: a meta-analysis.
机构信息
School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Jiangxi Sports Science and Medicine Center, Nanchang, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2024 Jun 27;12:1345566. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345566. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
It has been suggested that higher levels of fundamental motor skills (FMS) promote the physical health of preschool-aged children. The impacts of structured and unstructured interventions on FMS in children aged 10-16 years have been widely acknowledged in previous studies. However, there is a lack of relevant studies in preschool-aged children.
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of structured and unstructured interventions on FMS in preschool-aged children.
METHODS
The PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to 1 November 2023 to identify experiments describing structured and unstructured interventions for FMS in preschool-aged children. The Downs and Black Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias. A random effects model was used for the meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled effects of interventions on FMS. Subgroup analyses based on the duration and characteristics of the intervention were conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
A total of 23 studies with 4,068 participants were included. There were 12 studies examining structured interventions, 9 studies examining unstructured interventions, and 6 studies comparing structured vs. unstructured interventions. The risk of bias in the included studies was generally low. All interventions significantly improved FMS in preschool-aged children compared to control treatments ( < 0.05). Structured interventions had more significant effects on locomotor skills (LMSs) in preschool-aged children than unstructured interventions (Hedges' = 0.44, = 0.04). The effects of structured interventions were strongly influenced by the total intervention duration, such that long-term interventions were more effective (Hedge's = 1.29, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Structured interventions play a crucial role in enhancing FMS among young children, especially when considering LMSs. These interventions require consistent and repeated practice over time to reach proficiency.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, identifier number CRD42023475088, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023475088.
背景
有人认为，基本运动技能（FMS）水平较高有助于促进学龄前儿童的身体健康。先前的研究广泛承认，结构和非结构干预措施对 10-16 岁儿童 FMS 的影响。然而，学龄前儿童的相关研究却很少。
目的
本荟萃分析旨在比较结构和非结构干预措施对学龄前儿童 FMS 的影响。
方法
从建库到 2023 年 11 月 1 日，我们检索了 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 数据库，以确定描述学龄前儿童 FMS 的结构和非结构干预的实验。采用 Downs 和 Black 清单评估偏倚风险。采用随机效应模型对干预措施对 FMS 的汇总效应进行评估。根据干预的持续时间和特征进行亚组分析，以确定异质性的来源。
结果
共纳入 23 项研究，涉及 4068 名参与者。其中 12 项研究观察结构干预，9 项研究观察非结构干预，6 项研究比较结构与非结构干预。纳入研究的偏倚风险总体较低。与对照治疗相比，所有干预措施均显著提高了学龄前儿童的 FMS（ < 0.05）。结构干预对学龄前儿童运动技能（LMSs）的影响明显大于非结构干预（Hedges' = 0.44， = 0.04）。结构干预的效果强烈受到总干预持续时间的影响，即长期干预更为有效（Hedge's = 1.29， < 0.001）。
结论
结构干预在提高幼儿 FMS 方面发挥着重要作用，特别是在考虑运动技能时。这些干预措施需要随着时间的推移持续、反复地进行练习，才能达到熟练程度。
系统评价注册
PROSPERO，注册号 CRD42023475088，https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php？ID=CRD42023475088。
Zotero 插件