Volný Ondřej, Kašičková Linda, Coufalová Dominika, Cimflová Petra, Novák Jan
Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;888:155-95. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_9.
Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke, represent major burden of disability and economy impact. Major advances in primary and secondary prevention and therapy are needed in order to tackle this public health problem. Our better understanding of pathophysiology is essential in order to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools and strategies. microRNAs are a family of important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and their involvement in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases has already been reported. Moreover, microRNAs may represent above-mentioned potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in clinical practice. Within this chapter, we briefly describe basic epidemiology, aetiology and clinical manifestation of following cerebrovascular diseases: extracranial carotid atherosclerosis, acute stroke, intracranial aneurysms and cerebral arterio-venous malformations. Further, in each chapter, the current knowledge about the involvement of specific microRNAs and their potential use in clinical practice will be summarized. More specifically, within the subchapter "miRNAs in carotid atherosclerosis", general information about miRNA involvement in atherosclerosis will be described (miR-126, miR-17-92, miR-155 and others) with special emphasis put on miRNAs affecting carotid plaque progression and stability (e.g. miR-145, miR-146 or miR-217). In the subchapter "miRNAs in acute stroke", we will provide insight into recent knowledge from animal and human studies concerning miRNA profiling in acute stroke and their expression dynamics in brain tissue and extracellular fluids (roles of, e.g. let-7 family, miR-21, miR-29 family, miR-124, miR-145, miR-181 family, miR-210 and miR-223). Subchapters dealing with "miRNAs and AV malformations" and "miRNAs and intracranial aneurysms" will focus on miR-21, miR-26, miR-29 family and miR-143/145.
心血管疾病是发达国家发病和死亡的主要原因。脑血管疾病，尤其是中风，是残疾和经济影响的主要负担。为了解决这一公共卫生问题，需要在一级和二级预防及治疗方面取得重大进展。为了开发新的诊断和治疗工具及策略，我们对病理生理学有更好的理解至关重要。微小RNA是一类重要的基因表达转录后调节因子，它们参与脑血管疾病的病理生理学已有报道。此外，微小RNA可能代表临床实践中上述潜在的诊断和治疗工具。在本章中，我们简要描述以下脑血管疾病的基本流行病学、病因和临床表现：颅外颈动脉粥样硬化、急性中风、颅内动脉瘤和脑动静脉畸形。此外，在每一章中，将总结关于特定微小RNA的参与及其在临床实践中的潜在用途的当前知识。更具体地说，在“颈动脉粥样硬化中的微小RNA”子章节中，将描述微小RNA参与动脉粥样硬化的一般信息（如miR-126、miR-17-92、miR-155等），特别强调影响颈动脉斑块进展和稳定性的微小RNA（如miR-145、miR-146或miR-217）。在“急性中风中的微小RNA”子章节中，我们将深入了解动物和人体研究中关于急性中风中微小RNA谱及其在脑组织和细胞外液中的表达动态的最新知识（如let-7家族、miR-21、miR-29家族、miR-124、miR-145、miR-181家族、miR-210和miR-223的作用）。涉及“微小RNA与动静脉畸形”和“微小RNA与颅内动脉瘤”的子章节将重点关注miR-21、miR-26、miR-29家族和miR-143/145。
