Berkowitz L
Psychol Bull. 1989 Jul;106(1):59-73. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59.
Examines the Dollard et al. (1939) frustration-aggression hypothesis. The original formulation's main proposition is limited to interference with an expected attainment of a desired goal on hostile (emotional) aggression. Although some studies have yielded negative results, others support the core proposition. Frustrations can create aggressive inclinations even when they are not arbitrary or aimed at the subject personally. Interpretations and attributions can be understood partly in terms of the original analysis but they can also influence the unpleasantness of the thwarting. A proposed revision of the 1939 model holds that frustrations generate aggressive inclinations to the degree that they arouse negative affect. Evidence regarding the aggressive consequences of aversive events is reviewed, and Berkowitz's cognitive-neoassociationistic model is summarized.
考察了多拉德等人（1939年）的挫折-攻击假说。最初的表述主要命题仅限于在敌意（情绪性）攻击中对预期实现期望目标的干扰。尽管一些研究得出了负面结果，但其他研究支持核心命题。挫折即使不是任意的或并非针对个体本人，也会产生攻击倾向。解释和归因部分可以根据最初的分析来理解，但它们也会影响挫折的不愉快程度。对1939年模型的一项修订提议认为，挫折在引起负面影响的程度上会产生攻击倾向。回顾了关于厌恶事件攻击后果的证据，并总结了伯克威茨的认知-新联想主义模型。
