Walczyk Joanna, Walas Maria Krystyna
Oddział Kliniczny Kliniki Chorób Metabolicznych, Szpital Uniwersytecki, Kraków, Polska.
J Ultrason. 2013 Mar;13(52):50-64. doi: 10.15557/JoU.2013.0004. Epub 2013 Mar 30.
Ultrasound scan of the spleen is an integral part of the overall abdominal examination. Due to its anatomical position, physical examination of the spleen is frequently supplemented with an ultrasound which plays a special role in the differential diagnostics of splenic diseases and facilitates the determination of further diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Similarly to other types of ultrasound scans, the examiner should be familiar with all significant clinical information as well as results of examinations and tests conducted so far. This enables to narrow the scope of search for etiological factors and indicate specific disease entities in the findings as well as allows for accurate assessment of coexistent pathologies. The article presents the standards of the Polish Ultrasound Society concerning the apparatus, preparation for the examination, technique and description of the findings. The authors discuss the normal anatomy of the spleen and the most common pathologies ranging from splenomegaly to splenic traumas. The indications for the contrast-enhanced ultrasound and characteristic patterns of enhancement of individual focal lesions are presented. This article is supplemented with photographic documentation, which provides images of the discussed lesions. The ultrasound examination, if carried out in compliance with current standards, allows for accurate interpretation of detected changes. This article has been prepared on the basis of the Ultrasound Examination Standards of the Polish Ultrasound Society (2011) and updated with the current knowledge.
脾脏超声检查是整个腹部检查不可或缺的一部分。由于脾脏的解剖位置，脾脏的体格检查常常需要辅以超声检查，超声在脾脏疾病的鉴别诊断中发挥着特殊作用，并有助于确定进一步的诊断和治疗程序。与其他类型的超声检查一样，检查者应熟悉所有重要的临床信息以及迄今为止进行的检查和测试结果。这有助于缩小对病因的搜索范围，在检查结果中指出具体的疾病实体，并能准确评估并存的病理情况。本文介绍了波兰超声学会关于仪器设备、检查准备、技术及检查结果描述的标准。作者讨论了脾脏的正常解剖结构以及从脾肿大到脾外伤等最常见的病理情况。文中还讨论了超声造影的适应证以及各个局灶性病变的特征性增强模式。本文配有照片资料，展示了所讨论病变的图像。如果按照现行标准进行超声检查，就能对检测到的变化进行准确解读。本文是根据波兰超声学会《超声检查标准》（2011年）编写，并结合当前知识进行了更新。
