Barrett Deirdre
a Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA.
Am J Clin Hypn. 2016 Jan;58(3):238-50. doi: 10.1080/00029157.2015.1102122.
This article takes its inspiration from Wickramasekera II's empathic involvement theory of hypnosis. That model illuminates the mutual territory of hypnosis and empathy-common to much interaction between hypnotist and subject, and to the internal process of subjects as they enact suggestions of the hypnotist. However, the present article suggests that the overlap is not as ubiquitous as the empathic involvement theory asserts. Other aspects of hypnosis involve disengagement from real persons in the environment and dissociating from other ego states of the self. Amnesia and certain uses of focused attention in the hypnotic context run counter to empathy. The fantasizer type of high hypnotizables experiences hypnosis more empathically than do the equally hypnotizable dissociater type. This article also explores the relationship of hypnosis and empathy to other related states, including meditation, dreaming, and psychedelic drugs. The conclusion is that empathy is an important component of many hypnotic phenomena, but that the relationship is as partial and complex as the manner in which other traits, such as imagery ability and dissociation, map onto hypnosis.
本文的灵感来源于维克拉马塞克拉二世的催眠共情参与理论。该模型阐明了催眠与共情的共同领域——这在催眠师与受术者之间的许多互动中很常见，在受术者执行催眠师的暗示时的内部过程中也很常见。然而，本文认为这种重叠并不像共情参与理论所断言的那样普遍存在。催眠的其他方面包括与环境中的真实人物脱离接触，以及与自我的其他自我状态解离。失忆以及在催眠情境中某些对注意力的集中运用与共情背道而驰。高催眠性的幻想者类型比同样具有催眠性的解离者类型更能以共情的方式体验催眠。本文还探讨了催眠和共情与其他相关状态的关系，包括冥想、做梦和迷幻药物。结论是，共情是许多催眠现象的一个重要组成部分，但这种关系与其他特质（如意象能力和解离）与催眠的映射方式一样，是局部且复杂的。
