O'Shea Deirdre M, Dotson Vonetta M, Fieo Robert A, Tsapanou Angeliki, Zahodne Laura, Stern Yaakov
Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2016 Jul;31(7):783-90. doi: 10.1002/gps.4392. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
To investigate whether self-efficacy moderates the association between self-rated memory and depressive symptoms in a large sample of older adults. The influence of self-efficacy and depressive symptoms on memory performance was also examined in a subsample of individuals who reported poor memory.
Non-demented participants (n = 3766) were selected from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Depressive symptomatology was assessed with the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A modified version of the Midlife Developmental Inventory Questionnaire was used as the measure of self-efficacy. Participants were asked to rate their memory presently on a five-point scale from Excellent (1) to Poor (5). Immediate memory and delayed memory (after a 5-min interval) were measured by the number of correct words recalled from a 10-item word list.
Multiple regression analyses revealed that negative ratings of memory were significantly associated with greater levels of depressive symptoms, with this effect being greatest in those with low levels of self-efficacy. Additionally, greater self-efficacy was associated with optimal objective memory performances but only when depressive symptoms were low in individuals who reported poor memory function (n = 1196).
Self-efficacy moderates the relationship between self-rated memory function and depressive symptoms. Higher self-efficacy may buffer against the impact of subjective memory difficulty on one's mood and thereby mitigating the effect of depressive symptoms on memory. Interventions should focus on increasing perceived self-efficacy in older adults reporting poor memory function to potentially minimize memory impairment.
在大量老年人样本中研究自我效能感是否调节自评记忆力与抑郁症状之间的关联。还在报告记忆力差的个体子样本中考察了自我效能感和抑郁症状对记忆表现的影响。
从《健康与退休研究》2012年的数据中选取无痴呆症的参与者（n = 3766）。用8项流行病学研究中心抑郁量表评估抑郁症状。使用中年发展量表问卷的修改版作为自我效能感的测量工具。要求参与者根据从优秀（1）到差（5）的五点量表对自己目前的记忆力进行评分。通过从10个单词列表中回忆出的正确单词数量来测量即时记忆和延迟记忆（间隔5分钟后）。
多元回归分析显示，记忆力的负面评分与更高水平的抑郁症状显著相关，这种影响在自我效能感低的人群中最为明显。此外，更高的自我效能感与最佳的客观记忆表现相关，但仅在报告记忆功能差的个体（n = 1196）中抑郁症状较低时才如此。
自我效能感调节自评记忆功能与抑郁症状之间的关系。更高的自我效能感可能缓冲主观记忆困难对情绪的影响，从而减轻抑郁症状对记忆的影响。干预措施应侧重于提高报告记忆功能差的老年人的自我效能感，以潜在地减少记忆损害。
