Dimethyl Fumarate: A Review in Relapsing-Remitting MS.

Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera(®)) is an oral disease-modifying agent indicated for the twice-daily treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). It displays immunomodulating and neuroprotective properties, both of which may contribute to its efficacy in these settings. In two phase III trials of 2 years' duration (DEFINE and CONFIRM), twice-daily dimethyl fumarate reduced clinical relapse (both the proportion of patients with MS relapse and the annualized relapse rate), as well as MRI measures of disease activity, versus placebo in adults with RRMS; the drug also reduced disability progression relative to placebo in one of the two studies (DEFINE). Dimethyl fumarate had an acceptable tolerability profile in these trials, with the most common tolerability issues being flushing and gastrointestinal events, which appear to be largely manageable. In the DEFINE and CONFIRM extension (ENDORSE), a minimum of 5 years of treatment with the drug was associated with continued benefit and no new/worsening tolerability signals. Although additional active comparator data are needed, dimethyl fumarate is an effective twice-daily treatment option for use in adults with RRMS, with the convenience of oral administration and an acceptable long-term tolerability profile.