Andersen Lars Peter Holst, Gögenur Ismail, Rosenberg Jacob, Reiter Russel J
Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
Department of Surgery, Roskilde and Køge Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
Clin Drug Investig. 2016 Mar;36(3):169-75. doi: 10.1007/s40261-015-0368-5.
Exogenous melatonin has been investigated as treatment for a number of medical and surgical diseases, demonstrating encouraging results. The aim of this review was to present and evaluate the literature concerning the possible adverse effects and safety of exogenous melatonin in humans. Furthermore, we provide recommendations concerning the possible risks of melatonin use in specific patient groups. In general, animal and human studies documented that short-term use of melatonin is safe, even in extreme doses. Only mild adverse effects, such as dizziness, headache, nausea and sleepiness have been reported. No studies have indicated that exogenous melatonin should induce any serious adverse effects. Similarly, randomized clinical studies indicate that long-term melatonin treatment causes only mild adverse effects comparable to placebo. Long-term safety of melatonin in children and adolescents, however, requires further investigation. Due to a lack of human studies, pregnant and breast-feeding women should not take exogenous melatonin at this moment.
外源性褪黑素已被研究用于治疗多种内科和外科疾病，并显示出令人鼓舞的结果。本综述的目的是介绍和评估有关外源性褪黑素对人类可能产生的不良反应和安全性的文献。此外，我们针对特定患者群体使用褪黑素可能存在的风险提供建议。总体而言，动物和人体研究表明，即使使用极高剂量，短期使用褪黑素也是安全的。仅报告了一些轻微的不良反应，如头晕、头痛、恶心和嗜睡。没有研究表明外源性褪黑素会引起任何严重的不良反应。同样，随机临床研究表明，长期使用褪黑素仅会引起与安慰剂相当的轻微不良反应。然而，褪黑素在儿童和青少年中的长期安全性需要进一步研究。由于缺乏人体研究，目前孕妇和哺乳期妇女不应服用外源性褪黑素。
