Gaber Nadia, Wright Anthony
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
J Urban Health. 2016 Apr;93 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):68-77. doi: 10.1007/s11524-015-0009-6.
This paper explores theoretical, spatial, and mediatized pathways through which policing poses harms to the health of marginalized communities in the urban USA, including analysis of two recent and widely publicized incidents of officer-involved killings in Ferguson, Missouri and Staten Island, New York. We examine the influence of the "broken windows" model in both policing and public health, revealing alternate institutional strategies for responding to urban disorder in the interests of the health and safety of the city. Drawing on ecosocial theory and medical anthropology, we consider the roles of the segregated built environment and historical experience in the embodiment of structural vulnerability with respect to police violence. We examine the recent shootings of Eric Garner and Michael Brown as the most visible, most circulated symbols of this complex and contradictory terrain, focusing on the pathways through which theories of causality authorize violent and/or caring intervention by the state. We show how police killings reveal an underlying and racialized association between disorder and deviance that becomes institutionalized and embodied through spatial and symbolic pathways. If public health workers and advocates are to play a role in responding to the call of the Black Lives Matter movement, it is important to understand the interpretations and translations of urban social life that circulate on the streets, in the media, in public policy, and in institutional practice.
本文探讨了美国城市中治安工作对边缘化社区健康造成危害的理论、空间和媒介化途径，包括对密苏里州弗格森市和纽约州斯塔滕岛最近两起广受关注的警察涉入杀人事件的分析。我们研究了“破窗”模式在治安和公共卫生领域的影响，揭示了为了城市健康与安全而应对城市混乱的其他制度策略。借鉴生态社会理论和医学人类学，我们考虑了隔离的建筑环境和历史经验在警察暴力导致的结构性脆弱性体现中的作用。我们将埃里克·加纳和迈克尔·布朗最近遭枪击事件视为这一复杂矛盾领域最明显、传播最广的象征，重点关注因果关系理论授权国家进行暴力和/或关怀干预的途径。我们展示了警察杀人事件如何揭示出混乱与越轨之间潜在的、带有种族色彩的关联，这种关联通过空间和象征途径被制度化并体现出来。如果公共卫生工作者和倡导者要在回应“黑人的命也是命”运动的呼吁中发挥作用，理解在街头、媒体、公共政策和机构实践中流传的城市社会生活的解读和转化就很重要。
