Guo Chun, Xu Jianfeng, Wang Mingnian, Yan Tao, Yang Lu, Sun Zhitao
Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, 111 Erhuan Rd, 610031 Chengdu, China.
College of Foreign Languages, Southwest Jiaotong University, 111 Erhuan Rd, 610031 Chengdu, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Dec 22;13(1):ijerph13010064. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13010064.
The low atmospheric pressure and low oxygen content in high-altitude environment have great impacts on the functions of human body. Especially for the personnel engaged in complicated physical labor such as tunnel construction, high altitude can cause a series of adverse physiological reactions, which may result in multiple high-altitude diseases and even death in severe cases. Artificial oxygen supply is required to ensure health and safety of construction personnel in hypoxic environments. However, there are no provisions for oxygen supply standard for tunnel construction personnel in high-altitude areas in current tunnel construction specifications. As a result, this paper has theoretically studied the impacts of high-altitude environment on human bodies, analyzed the relationship between labor intensity and oxygen consumption in high-altitude areas and determined the critical oxygen-supply altitude values for tunnel construction based on two different standard evaluation systems, i.e., variation of air density and equivalent PIO₂. In addition, it has finally determined the oxygen supply standard for construction personnel in high-altitude areas based on the relationship between construction labor intensity and oxygen consumption.
高海拔环境中的低气压和低氧含量对人体功能有很大影响。特别是对于从事隧道建设等复杂体力劳动的人员,高海拔会引发一系列不良生理反应,严重时可能导致多种高原病甚至死亡。需要人工供氧以确保缺氧环境下施工人员的健康和安全。然而,现行隧道施工规范中没有针对高海拔地区隧道施工人员的供氧标准规定。因此,本文从理论上研究了高海拔环境对人体的影响,分析了高海拔地区劳动强度与耗氧量之间的关系,并基于空气密度变化和等效吸入氧分压这两种不同的标准评估体系,确定了隧道施工的临界供氧海拔值。此外,最终根据施工劳动强度与耗氧量之间的关系确定了高海拔地区施工人员的供氧标准。