Cerezuela Rebeca, Guardiola Francisco A, Cuesta Alberto, Esteban M Ángeles
Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2016 Feb;49:100-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.028. Epub 2015 Dec 19.
Fish skin mucus contains numerous immune substances still poorly studied. To date, there are no studies regarding the possible influence of dietary supplements on such important substances. In the present work, a commercial diet used as control diet was enriched with: 1) probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens (Pdp11 diet, 10(9) cfu g(-1)); 2) probiotic Bacillus sp. (Bacillus diet, 10(9) ufc g(-1)); 3) aqueous date palm fruits extracts (DPE diet, 4%), and 4) a combination of Pdp11 + Bacillus sp + aqueous DPE (Mix diet). After 2 and 4 weeks of the feeding trial, enzymatic activities (proteases, antiproteases and peroxidases), IgM levels and terminal carbohydrates abundance were determined in skin mucus. In addition, the expression of certain immune related genes was evaluated in the skin. Our results demonstrated the significant alteration of the terminal carbohydrate abundance in skin mucus. Carbohydrates more affected by experimental diets were N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, galactose, mannose, glucose and fucose. IgM, peroxidase activity and protease were also significantly higher in fish fed enriched diets. For last, an important up-regulation on the immune related gene studied on the skin was also detected. Present findings provide robust evidence that fish skin mucosal immunity can be improved by the diet.
鱼皮黏液含有众多尚未得到充分研究的免疫物质。迄今为止，尚无关于膳食补充剂对这些重要物质可能产生影响的研究。在本研究中，一种用作对照饮食的商业饲料被添加了以下成分：1）益生菌腐败希瓦氏菌（Pdp11饲料，10⁹ cfu g⁻¹）；2）益生菌芽孢杆菌属（芽孢杆菌饲料，10⁹ cfu g⁻¹）；3）海枣果实水提取物（DPE饲料，4%）；4）Pdp11 + 芽孢杆菌属 + 海枣果实水提取物的组合（混合饲料）。在喂养试验进行2周和4周后，测定了皮肤黏液中的酶活性（蛋白酶、抗蛋白酶和过氧化物酶）、IgM水平以及末端碳水化合物丰度。此外，还评估了皮肤中某些免疫相关基因的表达。我们的结果表明，皮肤黏液中末端碳水化合物丰度发生了显著变化。受实验饲料影响较大的碳水化合物有N - 乙酰半乳糖胺、N - 乙酰葡糖胺、半乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和岩藻糖。喂食强化饲料的鱼体内的IgM、过氧化物酶活性和蛋白酶也显著更高。最后，在皮肤上研究的免疫相关基因也检测到重要的上调。目前的研究结果提供了有力证据，表明饮食可以改善鱼皮黏膜免疫力。
