Mansour Abdallah Tageldein, Miao Liang, Espinosa Cristóbal, García-Beltrán José María, Ceballos Francisco Diana C, Esteban M Ángeles
Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2018 Aug;44(4):1223-1240. doi: 10.1007/s10695-018-0515-z. Epub 2018 May 25.
The effect of the dietary incorporation of drumstick, Moringa oleifera, leaf meal (MOL; 0, 5, 10 and 15%) on the growth, feed utilization, some skin mucus and systemic immune parameters and intestinal immune-related gene expression in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) specimens. The experiment lasted 4 weeks. The results revealed that MOL can be incorporated in S. aurata diet up to 10% with no significant negative effect on growth and feed utilization. However, there was a significant decrease with MOL at a level of 15% after 2 weeks of feeding. The systemic immune status of fish fed with the different levels of MOL showed an improvement in head kidney leucocyte phagocytosis, respiratory burst and peroxidase activities. Also, serum humoral components, including protease, ACH and lysozyme activities and IgM level, increased with MOL inclusion especially at the 5% level. MOL at 5% improved skin-mucosal immunity such as protease, antiprotease, peroxidase and lysozyme activities. Moreover, the feeding of MOL revealed an upregulation of the intestinal mucosal immunity genes (lyso and c3), tight junction proteins (occludin and zo-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (tgf-β) with a downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (tnf-α). Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate MOL in S. aurata diets at a level of 5% for the best immune status or 10% for the high growth performance and acceptable immune surveillance. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
在金头鲷（Sparus aurata）样本中，日粮中添加不同比例（0%、5%、10%和15%）的辣木叶粉（MOL）对其生长、饲料利用率、一些皮肤黏液和全身免疫参数以及肠道免疫相关基因表达的影响。实验持续4周。结果表明，MOL可添加到金头鲷日粮中，添加量高达10%时对生长和饲料利用率无显著负面影响。然而，投喂2周后，添加15% MOL时出现显著下降。投喂不同水平MOL的鱼的全身免疫状态显示，头肾白细胞吞噬作用、呼吸爆发和过氧化物酶活性有所改善。此外，血清体液成分，包括蛋白酶、ACH和溶菌酶活性以及IgM水平，随着MOL添加量的增加而升高，尤其是在5%的添加水平。5%的MOL可改善皮肤黏膜免疫，如蛋白酶、抗蛋白酶、过氧化物酶和溶菌酶活性。此外，投喂MOL可使肠道黏膜免疫基因（lyso和c3）、紧密连接蛋白（occludin和zo-1）和抗炎细胞因子（tgf-β）上调，同时促炎细胞因子（tnf-α）下调。因此，建议在金头鲷日粮中添加5%的MOL以获得最佳免疫状态，或添加10%以获得高生长性能和可接受的免疫监测。图形摘要ᅟ
