Kieburtz K, Schiffer R B
Department of Neurology, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York.
Neurol Clin. 1989 Aug;7(3):447-68.
HIV infection is becoming more common. The recognition of HIV-related neurologic disease is also increasing. Both the central and peripheral nervous systems are affected by HIV infection. Although much of the pathophysiology remains to be elucidated, some of the neurologic syndromes are probably due to direct HIV infection. The most common CNS syndrome, the subacute encephalopathy, appears to be caused by HIV infection. Other cerebral syndromes are caused by viral, fungal, and protozoan opportunistic infections. Current specific therapy is available for many of these infections. Aside from zidovudine, only experimental therapies are currently available for primary HIV infection. Less attention has been focused on the neuromuscular complications of HIV infection. They are probably more common than initially reported. Specific therapies for both inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies and myopathy related to HIV infection are reported. The pathophysiology of these disorders remains incompletely defined. As the population of HIV infected individuals continues to grow, the incidence of coincidental non-HIV neurologic disease will also rise. Attention must be directed to identifying coexistent remediable causes of neurologic dysfunction in this population.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染正变得越来越普遍。对与HIV相关的神经疾病的认识也在增加。中枢神经系统和周围神经系统都会受到HIV感染的影响。尽管许多病理生理学机制仍有待阐明，但一些神经综合征可能是由HIV直接感染所致。最常见的中枢神经系统综合征，即亚急性脑病，似乎是由HIV感染引起的。其他脑部综合征则由病毒、真菌和原生动物机会性感染所致。目前针对其中许多感染都有特效疗法。除了齐多夫定，目前针对原发性HIV感染仅有实验性疗法。人们对HIV感染的神经肌肉并发症关注较少。它们可能比最初报道的更为常见。有报道称针对与HIV感染相关的炎性脱髓鞘性神经病和肌病有特效疗法。这些疾病的病理生理学机制仍未完全明确。随着HIV感染人群的持续增加，并发的非HIV神经疾病的发病率也会上升。必须关注识别该人群中并存的可纠正的神经功能障碍病因。
