Institute for Future Environments, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
Chem Rev. 2016 Jan 13;116(1):163-214. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00566. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
Sustainable societal and economic development relies on novel nanotechnologies that offer maximum efficiency at minimal environmental cost. Yet, it is very challenging to apply green chemistry approaches across the entire life cycle of nanotech products, from design and nanomaterial synthesis to utilization and disposal. Recently, novel, efficient methods based on nonequilibrium reactive plasma chemistries that minimize the process steps and dramatically reduce the use of expensive and hazardous reagents have been applied to low-cost natural and waste sources to produce value-added nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. This review discusses the distinctive effects of nonequilibrium reactive chemistries and how these effects can aid and advance the integration of sustainable chemistry into each stage of nanotech product life. Examples of the use of enabling plasma-based technologies in sustainable production and degradation of nanotech products are discussed-from selection of precursors derived from natural resources and their conversion into functional building units, to methods for green synthesis of useful naturally degradable carbon-based nanomaterials, to device operation and eventual disintegration into naturally degradable yet potentially reusable byproducts.
可持续的社会和经济发展依赖于新型纳米技术，这些技术以最小的环境成本提供最大的效率。然而，将绿色化学方法应用于纳米技术产品的整个生命周期，从设计和纳米材料合成到利用和处置，是非常具有挑战性的。最近，基于非平衡反应等离子体化学的新型高效方法已经应用于低成本的天然和废物资源，以生产具有广泛应用的增值纳米材料，这些方法最大限度地减少了工艺步骤，并显著减少了昂贵和危险试剂的使用。本文讨论了非平衡反应化学的独特作用，以及这些作用如何帮助和推进可持续化学融入纳米技术产品生命周期的每个阶段。讨论了等离子体基技术在可持续生产和降解纳米技术产品中的应用实例——从源自自然资源的前体的选择及其转化为功能性构建单元，到绿色合成有用的天然可降解碳基纳米材料的方法，再到器件的操作以及最终分解为天然可降解但可能可重复使用的副产品。
