Le Couteur David G, Solon-Biet Samantha, Cogger Victoria C, Mitchell Sarah J, Senior Alistair, de Cabo Rafael, Raubenheimer David, Simpson Stephen J
Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016 Mar;73(6):1237-52. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-2120-y. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
Most research on nutritional effects on aging has focussed on the impact of manipulating single dietary factors such as total calorie intake or each of the macronutrients individually. More recent studies using a nutritional geometric approach called the Geometric Framework have facilitated an understanding of how aging is influenced across a landscape of diets that vary orthogonally in macronutrient and total energy content. Such studies have been performed using ad libitum feeding regimes, thus taking into account compensatory feeding responses that are inevitable in a non-constrained environment. Geometric Framework studies on insects and mice have revealed that diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates generate longest lifespans in ad libitum-fed animals while low total energy intake (caloric restriction by dietary dilution) has minimal effect. These conclusions are supported indirectly by observational studies in humans and a heterogeneous group of other types of interventional studies in insects and rodents. Due to compensatory feeding for protein dilution, low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets are often associated with increased food intake and body fat, a phenomenon called protein leverage. This could potentially be mitigated by supplementing these diets with interventions that influence body weight through physical activity and ambient temperature.
大多数关于营养对衰老影响的研究都集中在操纵单一饮食因素的影响上，比如总热量摄入或每种宏量营养素。最近使用一种名为“几何框架”的营养几何方法进行的研究，有助于理解在宏量营养素和总能量含量正交变化的一系列饮食中衰老如何受到影响。此类研究是在自由采食模式下进行的，因此考虑到了在无限制环境中不可避免的代偿性进食反应。对昆虫和小鼠的几何框架研究表明，在自由采食的动物中，低蛋白高碳水化合物的饮食能产生最长寿命，而低总能量摄入（通过饮食稀释进行热量限制）的影响最小。这些结论得到了人类观察性研究以及昆虫和啮齿动物等其他类型干预性研究的间接支持。由于对蛋白质稀释的代偿性进食，低蛋白、高碳水化合物饮食通常与食物摄入量增加和体脂增加有关，这种现象称为蛋白质杠杆效应。通过补充那些通过身体活动和环境温度影响体重的干预措施，有可能缓解这种情况。
