Giovannini D, Gismondi A, Basso A, Canuti L, Braglia R, Canini A, Mariani F, Cappelli G
a Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology , National Research Council , Italy , Rome , Italy.
b Department of Biology , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy.
Immunol Invest. 2016;45(1):11-28. doi: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1085392.
Different studies described the antibacterial properties of Lavandula angustifolia (Mill.) essential oil and its anti-inflammatory effects. Besides, no data exist on its ability to activate human macrophages during the innate response against Staphylococcus aureus. The discovery of promising regulators of macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, without side effects, could be useful for the prevention of, or as therapeutic remedy for, various inflammation-mediated diseases. This study investigated, by transcriptional analysis, how a L. angustifolia essential oil treatment influences the macrophage response to Staphylococcus aureus infection. The results showed that the treatment increases the phagocytic rate and stimulates the containment of intracellular bacterial replication by macrophages. Our data showed that this stimulation is coupled with expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species production (i.e., CYBB and NCF4). Moreover, the essential oil treatment balanced the inflammatory signaling induced by S. aureus by repressing the principal pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors and inducing the heme oxygenase-1 gene transcription. These data showed that the L. angustifolia essential oil can stimulate the human innate macrophage response to a bacterium which is responsible for one of the most important nosocomial infection and might suggest the potential development of this plant extract as an anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory coadjutant drug.
不同的研究描述了薰衣草（Lavandula angustifolia (Mill.)）精油的抗菌特性及其抗炎作用。此外，关于其在针对金黄色葡萄球菌的天然免疫反应中激活人类巨噬细胞能力的数据尚不存在。发现有前景的巨噬细胞介导的炎症反应调节剂且无副作用，可能对预防或治疗各种炎症介导的疾病有用。本研究通过转录分析，研究了薰衣草精油处理如何影响巨噬细胞对金黄色葡萄球菌感染的反应。结果表明，该处理提高了吞噬率，并刺激巨噬细胞抑制细胞内细菌复制。我们的数据表明，这种刺激与参与活性氧产生的基因（即CYBB和NCF4）的表达相关。此外，精油处理通过抑制主要促炎细胞因子及其受体并诱导血红素加氧酶-1基因转录，平衡了金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的炎症信号。这些数据表明，薰衣草精油可以刺激人类天然巨噬细胞对导致最重要医院感染之一的细菌的反应，并可能提示这种植物提取物作为抗炎和免疫调节辅助药物的潜在开发前景。
