Yamashita Shinji, Kanno Susumu, Honjo Ayako, Otoki Yurika, Nakagawa Kiyotaka, Kinoshita Mikio, Miyazawa Teruo
Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan.
Lipids. 2016 Feb;51(2):199-210. doi: 10.1007/s11745-015-4112-y. Epub 2016 Jan 5.
Ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn), which is present at high levels in brains, is believed to be involved in neuronal protection. The present study was performed to search for PlsEtn resources in foodstuffs. The foodstuffs examined showed a wide range of PlsEtn contents from 5 to 549 μmol/100 g wet wt. The marine invertebrates, blue mussel, and ascidian had high PlsEtn contents (over 200 μmol/100 g wet wt). Profiling of the molecular species showed that the predominant fatty acids of PlsEtn species were 20:5 (EPA) and 22:6 (DHA) at the sn-2 position of the glycerol moiety in marine foodstuffs, whereas major PlsEtn species in land foodstuffs were 20:4. Following quantitative analysis by multiple reaction monitoring, the ascidian viscera were shown to contain the highest levels of 18:0/20:5-PlsEtn and 18:0/22:6-PlsEtn (86 and 68 μmol/100 g wet wt, respectively). In order to evaluate a neuronal antiapoptotic effect of these PlsEtn species, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl), purified from the ascidian viscera, under serum starvation conditions. Extrinsic EtnGpl from ascidian viscera showed stronger suppression of cell death induced by serum starvation than with bovine brain EtnGpl. The EtnGpl from ascidian viscera strongly suppressed the activation of caspase 3. These results suggest that PlsEtn, especially that containing EPA and DHA, from marine foodstuffs is potentially useful for a therapeutic dietary supplement preventing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
乙醇胺缩醛磷脂（PlsEtn）在大脑中含量很高，被认为与神经元保护有关。本研究旨在寻找食品中的PlsEtn来源。所检测的食品中PlsEtn含量差异很大，从5到549微摩尔/100克湿重不等。海洋无脊椎动物、蓝贻贝和海鞘的PlsEtn含量很高（超过200微摩尔/100克湿重）。分子种类分析表明，海洋食品中PlsEtn种类在甘油部分的sn-2位置上的主要脂肪酸是20:5（二十碳五烯酸，EPA）和22:6（二十二碳六烯酸，DHA），而陆地食品中主要的PlsEtn种类是20:4。通过多反应监测进行定量分析后发现，海鞘内脏中18:0/20:5-PlsEtn和18:0/22:6-PlsEtn的含量最高（分别为86和68微摩尔/100克湿重）。为了评估这些PlsEtn种类对神经元的抗凋亡作用，在血清饥饿条件下，用人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞处理从海鞘内脏中纯化得到的乙醇胺甘油磷脂（EtnGpl）。来自海鞘内脏的外源性EtnGpl比牛脑EtnGpl对血清饥饿诱导的细胞死亡具有更强的抑制作用。来自海鞘内脏的EtnGpl强烈抑制半胱天冬酶3的激活。这些结果表明，来自海洋食品的PlsEtn，尤其是含有EPA和DHA的PlsEtn，可能对预防神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病，AD）的治疗性膳食补充剂有潜在用途。
