Popel A S
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1989;17(3):257-321.
This review focuses on the theory of oxygen transport to tissue and presents the state of the art in mathematical modeling of transport phenomena. Results obtained with the classic Krogh tissue-cylinder model and recent advances in mathematical modeling of hemoglobin-oxygen kinetics, the role of hemoglobin and myoglobin in facilitating oxygen diffusion, and the role of morphologic and hemodynamic heterogeneities in oxygen transport in the microcirculation are critically discussed. Mathematical models simulate different parts of the pathway of oxygen molecules from the red blood cell, through the plasma, the endothelial cell, other elements of the vascular wall, and the extra- and intracellular space. Special attention in the review is devoted to intracapillary transport, which has been the subject of intensive theoretical research in the last decade. Models of pre- and postcapillary oxygen transport are also discussed. Applications to specific organs and tissues are reviewed, including skeletal muscle, myocardium, brain, lungs, arterial wall, and skin. Unresolved problems and major gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms of oxygen transport are identified.
本综述聚焦于组织氧输送理论，并呈现了输运现象数学建模的最新进展。文中批判性地讨论了经典克勒格组织圆柱体模型所获得的结果，以及血红蛋白-氧动力学数学建模的最新进展、血红蛋白和肌红蛋白在促进氧扩散中的作用，还有形态学和血流动力学异质性在微循环氧输送中的作用。数学模型模拟了氧分子从红细胞开始，经过血浆、内皮细胞、血管壁的其他成分以及细胞外和细胞内空间的不同路径。本综述特别关注毛细血管内输运，这在过去十年一直是深入理论研究的主题。还讨论了毛细血管前和毛细血管后氧输送模型。回顾了在特定器官和组织中的应用，包括骨骼肌、心肌、脑、肺、动脉壁和皮肤。明确了我们在氧输送机制知识方面未解决的问题和主要差距。
