Ghedi Andrea, Donarini Erica, Lamera Roberta, Sgroi Giovanni, Turati Luca, Ercole Cesare
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;2015:6884-7. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319975.
The new technology ensures 3D laparoscopic vision by adding depth to the traditional two dimensions. This realistic vision gives the surgeon the feeling of operating in real space. Hospital of Treviglio-Caravaggio isn't an university or scientific institution; in 2014 a new 3D laparoscopic technology was acquired therefore it led to evaluation of the of the appropriateness in term of patient outcome and safety. The project aims at achieving the development of a quantitative validation model that would ensure low cost and a reliable measure of the performance of 3D technology versus 2D mode. In addition, it aims at demonstrating how new technologies, such as open source hardware and software and 3D printing, could help research with no significant cost increase. For these reasons, in order to define criteria of appropriateness in the use of 3D technologies, it was decided to perform a study to technically validate the use of the best technology in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and safety in the use of a system between laparoscopic vision in 3D and the traditional 2D.
30 surgeons were enrolled in order to perform an exercise through the use of laparoscopic forceps inside a trainer. The exercise consisted of having surgeons with different level of seniority, grouped by type of specialization (eg. surgery, urology, gynecology), exercising videolaparoscopy with two technologies (2D and 3D) through the use of a anthropometric phantom. The target assigned to the surgeon was that to pass "needle and thread" without touching the metal part in the shortest time possible. The rings selected for the exercise had each a coefficient of difficulty determined by depth, diameter, angle from the positioning and from the point of view.
The analysis of the data collected from the above exercise has mathematically confirmed that the 3D technique ensures a learning curve lower in novice and greater accuracy in the performance of the task with respect to 2D.
这项新技术通过在传统二维基础上增加深度来确保三维腹腔镜视野。这种逼真的视野给外科医生在真实空间中操作的感觉。特雷维廖 - 卡拉瓦乔医院并非大学或科研机构；2014年购置了一项新的三维腹腔镜技术，因此需要从患者预后和安全角度评估其适用性。该项目旨在开发一种定量验证模型，以确保低成本并可靠衡量三维技术与二维模式相比的性能。此外，旨在展示诸如开源硬件和软件以及三维打印等新技术如何在不显著增加成本的情况下助力研究。出于这些原因，为了确定三维技术使用的适用性标准，决定开展一项研究，从有效性、效率和安全性方面对三维腹腔镜视野与传统二维视野系统使用中的最佳技术进行技术验证。
招募了30名外科医生，以便在训练器内使用腹腔镜钳进行一项操作。该操作要求不同资历水平的外科医生按专业类型（如外科、泌尿外科、妇科）分组，通过使用人体测量模型，运用两种技术（二维和三维）进行视频腹腔镜操作。分配给外科医生的目标是在尽可能短的时间内穿过“针线”且不接触金属部分。为该操作选择的环每个都有由深度、直径、定位角度和视角确定的难度系数。
对上述操作收集的数据进行分析后，从数学上证实，与二维技术相比，三维技术确保新手的学习曲线更低，且任务执行的准确性更高。
