Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Science (ICAAM), School of Science and Technology ECT, University of Évora, Portugal; Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Águas de Moura, Portugal.
Emergency Response and Bio-preparedness Unit, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014 Mar;37(2):85-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
In recent years, several emerging zoonotic vector-borne infections with potential impact on human health have been identified in Europe, including tularaemia, caused by Francisella tularensis. This remarkable pathogen, one of the most virulent microorganisms currently known, has been detected in increasingly new settings and in a wide range of wild species, including lagomorphs, rodents, carnivores, fish and invertebrate arthropods. Also, a renewed concern has arisen with regard to F. tularensis: its potential use by bioterrorists. Based on the information published concerning the latest outbreaks, the aim of this paper is to review the main features of the agent, its biology, immunology and epidemiology. Moreover, special focus will be given to zoonotic aspects of the disease, as tularaemia outbreaks in human populations have been frequently associated with disease in animals.
近年来，欧洲已经发现了几种具有潜在人类健康影响的新兴人畜共患媒介传播感染，包括由土拉弗朗西斯菌引起的土拉菌病。这种显著的病原体是目前已知最具毒性的微生物之一，已在越来越多的新环境和广泛的野生动物物种中被检测到，包括兔形目动物、啮齿动物、食肉动物、鱼类和无脊椎节肢动物。此外，人们对土拉弗朗西斯菌的潜在用途（如生物恐怖主义）重新产生了担忧。基于已发表的有关最新疫情的信息，本文旨在回顾该病原体的主要特征，包括其生物学、免疫学和流行病学。此外，还将特别关注疾病的人畜共患病方面，因为人类土拉菌病疫情经常与动物疾病有关。
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