Singh Swati, Chukwunyere Daniel Nnadi, Omembelede Joel, Onankpa Ben
From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):174-8. doi: 10.4103/1117-1936.170743.
Structural or functional defects present at birth may lead to physical or mental disabilities. They contribute significantly to perinatal morbidity and mortality.
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of congenital anomalies among women delivering in the labour room suites of a tertiary health institution in North-Western Nigeria. Various maternal risk factors were also correlated and analysed.
This was a 3-year hospital-based prospective study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in association with the Department of Paediatrics in a tertiary health care centre in North-Western Nigeria. All neonates delivered in the labour rooms were examined for congenital abnormalities (CAs) soon after birth. The study group included all live births along with stillbirths delivered after the 28th week of gestation. Those diagnosed with congenital anomaly were admitted to the special care baby unit for observation and documentation.
A total of 72 congenital anomalies were documented among 10,163 deliveries. Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies had the highest prevalence 34.7% (25/72) and were followed by those of the musculoskeletal system 22.2% (16/72). Spina bifida/meningocoele were the most common anomalies of the CNS 44% (11/25) followed by hydrocephaly 28% (7/25). Most of the anomalies involved single organs 59/72 (81.9%). Majority of the CA 84.7% (61/72) were prevalent within the maternal age range of 16-35 years, while 12.5% were seen in teenage pregnancy. Diagnosis of most of the anomalies was made after delivery 69.4% (50/72). History of maternal febrile illness during pregnancy was present in 75% (54/72) and in 50% (27/54) of cases with CNS anomaly.
Central nervous system anomalies were the most prevalent congenital anomalies observed. Improved maternal health, pre-conception care, folic acid supplementation and routine foetal anomaly scan may help to reduce these anomalies.
出生时存在的结构或功能缺陷可能导致身体或精神残疾。它们对围产期发病率和死亡率有重大影响。
本研究旨在确定尼日利亚西北部一家三级医疗机构产房分娩妇女中先天性异常的患病率。还对各种孕产妇风险因素进行了相关性分析。
这是一项为期3年的基于医院的前瞻性研究，在尼日利亚西北部一家三级医疗中心的妇产科与儿科联合开展。所有在产房分娩的新生儿出生后不久均接受先天性异常（CA）检查。研究组包括所有活产以及妊娠28周后分娩的死产。那些被诊断为先天性异常的婴儿被送入特别护理婴儿病房进行观察和记录。
在10163例分娩中，共记录了72例先天性异常。中枢神经系统（CNS）异常患病率最高，为34.7%（25/72），其次是肌肉骨骼系统异常，为22.2%（16/72）。脊柱裂/脊膜膨出是中枢神经系统最常见的异常，占44%（11/25），其次是脑积水，占28%（7/25）。大多数异常涉及单个器官，59/72（81.9%）。大多数先天性异常（84.7%，61/72）在孕产妇年龄16 - 35岁范围内较为普遍，而12.5%出现在青少年妊娠中。大多数异常在分娩后确诊，占69.4%（50/72）。75%（54/72）的病例中存在孕期母亲发热病史，在中枢神经系统异常病例中有50%（27/54）存在该病史。
中枢神经系统异常是观察到的最常见的先天性异常。改善孕产妇健康、孕前护理、补充叶酸和常规胎儿异常扫描可能有助于减少这些异常。
