Gao Yuansheng, Chen Tianji, Raj J Usha
1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; and.
2 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Apr;54(4):451-60. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0323TR.
In the pulmonary vasculature, the endothelial and smooth muscle cells are two key cell types that play a major role in the pathobiology of pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. The normal interactions between these two cell types are important for the homeostasis of the pulmonary circulation, and any aberrant interaction between them may lead to various disease states including pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. It is well recognized that the endothelial cell can regulate the function of the underlying smooth muscle cell by releasing various bioactive agents such as nitric oxide and endothelin-1. In addition to such paracrine regulation, other mechanisms exist by which there is cross-talk between these two cell types, including communication via the myoendothelial injunctions and information transfer via extracellular vesicles. Emerging evidence suggests that these nonparacrine mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone and the determination of cell phenotype and that they are critically involved in the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension.
在肺血管系统中，内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞是两种关键的细胞类型，它们在肺血管疾病和肺动脉高压的病理生物学中起主要作用。这两种细胞类型之间的正常相互作用对于肺循环的稳态很重要，它们之间的任何异常相互作用都可能导致包括肺血管重塑和肺动脉高压在内的各种疾病状态。众所周知，内皮细胞可通过释放一氧化氮和内皮素 -1 等各种生物活性物质来调节其下方平滑肌细胞的功能。除了这种旁分泌调节外，这两种细胞类型之间还存在其他相互作用机制，包括通过肌内皮连接进行的通讯和通过细胞外囊泡进行的信息传递。新出现的证据表明，这些非旁分泌机制在调节肺血管张力和确定细胞表型方面起重要作用，并且它们在肺动脉高压的病理生物学中至关重要。
