Mrhálek Tomáš, Lidová Lenka, Kajanová Alena
Faculty of Education of the University of South Bohemia, Department of Pedagogy, and Psychology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Czech Republic.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2015;36 Suppl 2:62-8.
This article is intended to describe the current hegemonic masculinity within the Roma family structure in the Czech Republic, with regard to changes related to developments in the majority society and the current socioeconomic situation of the Roma. The theoretical context of this article is based on the paradigm of masculine hegemony as it exists and has existed in the Roma families. Data for the study came from semi-structured interviews with 30 Roma females and 30 Roma males living as couples, in three Czech cities. The main finding reveals a dichotomy between the traditional roles of Roma women, i.e. care for the family and the household, and the present functions, i.e. contributing to the family income through social benefits. We observed a decline in the traditional role of Roma men, who were often unemployed. We related the change in the roles of men to the "non-functionality of the men", contributing to the emerging potential for emancipation of Roma women. However, the traditional patriarchal Roma family is structured such that men are given the main decision making powers, which has slowed changes in marginalized Roma families. Additionally, social pressures against women as well as socially conditioned pressures that act to preserve hegemonic masculinity, have largely prevented the realization of the potential for emancipation of Roma women, or if a woman tries to leave her non-functioning husband.
本文旨在描述捷克共和国罗姆人家庭结构中当前的霸权男性气质，涉及与多数社会发展以及罗姆人当前社会经济状况相关的变化。本文的理论背景基于罗姆人家庭中存在的男性霸权范式。该研究的数据来自对捷克三个城市中30对罗姆夫妇（男性和女性各30名）进行的半结构化访谈。主要研究结果揭示了罗姆女性的传统角色（即照顾家庭和家务）与当前角色（即通过社会福利为家庭收入做出贡献）之间的二分法。我们观察到罗姆男性的传统角色有所下降，他们往往失业。我们将男性角色的变化与“男性的无功能性”联系起来，这为罗姆女性的解放带来了新的潜力。然而，传统的父权制罗姆家庭结构使得男性拥有主要决策权，这减缓了边缘化罗姆家庭的变化。此外，针对女性的社会压力以及维护霸权男性气质的社会条件压力，在很大程度上阻碍了罗姆女性解放潜力的实现，或者说如果一名女性试图离开她无所作为的丈夫。
