Quittan Michael
Institut für Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation, Karl Landsteiner Institut für Remobilisation und funktionale Gesundheit, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Süd - Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital mit Gottfried von Preyer'schem Kinderspital und Geriatriezentrum Favoriten, Kundratstrasse 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 2016 Feb;166(1-2):28-38. doi: 10.1007/s10354-015-0418-x. Epub 2016 Jan 12.
Skeletal muscles are essential for movement as well as for survival. Knowledge about the organ skeletal muscle is underrepresented. Ageing and multiple chronic diseases are accompanied by loss of muscle mass, termed "muscle wasting". Nevertheless, muscles are one of the target organs within the rehabilitation process. This review highlights the role of skeletal muscles from various aspects, diagnostic procedures to quantify muscle mass and strength and, most importantly, lists countermeasures to muscle wasting. Although structured and progressive strength training is the cornerstone in the treatment of muscle wasting, several other methods exist to slow down or reverse the process of muscle wasting. Among them are neuromuscular electrical stimulation and alternative exercise modes, positioning, stretching and, as an emerging field, drug therapy.
骨骼肌对于运动以及生存都至关重要。关于骨骼肌这一器官的知识目前还未得到充分体现。衰老和多种慢性疾病都伴随着肌肉量的减少，即所谓的“肌肉萎缩”。然而，肌肉是康复过程中的目标器官之一。本综述从各个方面强调了骨骼肌的作用，包括量化肌肉量和力量的诊断程序，最重要的是，列出了应对肌肉萎缩的对策。尽管有组织的渐进式力量训练是治疗肌肉萎缩的基石，但还有其他几种方法可以减缓或逆转肌肉萎缩的过程。其中包括神经肌肉电刺激、替代运动模式、体位摆放、拉伸，以及作为一个新兴领域的药物治疗。
