Pihlainen Vuokko, Kivinen Tuula, Lammintakanen Johanna
Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl). 2016;29(1):95-110. doi: 10.1108/LHS-11-2014-0072.
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of management and leadership competence of health-care leaders and managers, especially in the hospital environment. Health-care leaders and managers in this study were both nursing and physician managers. Competence was assessed by evaluating the knowledge, skills, attitudes and abilities that enable management and leadership tasks. Design/methodology/approach - A systematic literature review was performed to find articles that identify and describe the characteristics of management and leadership competence. Searches of electronic databases were conducted using set criteria for article selection. Altogether, 13 papers underwent an inductive content analysis. Findings - The characteristics of management and leadership competence were categorized into the following groups: health-care-context-related, operational and general. Research limitations/implications - One limitation of the study is that only 13 articles were found in the literature regarding the characteristics of management and leadership competence. However, the search terms were relevant, and the search process was endorsed by an information specialist. The study findings imply the need to shift away from the individual approach to leadership and management competence. Management and leadership need to be assessed more frequently from a holistic perspective, and not merely on the basis of position in the organizational hierarchy or of profession in health care. Originality/value - The authors' evaluation of the characteristics of management and leadership competence without a concentrated profession-based approach is original.
目的——本研究的目的是描述医疗保健领域领导者和管理者的管理与领导能力特征，尤其是在医院环境中的特征。本研究中的医疗保健领导者和管理者包括护理管理者和医生管理者。通过评估完成管理与领导任务所需的知识、技能、态度和能力来评定能力。
设计/方法/途径——进行了一项系统性文献综述，以查找识别并描述管理与领导能力特征的文章。使用既定的文章选择标准对电子数据库进行检索。总共13篇论文接受了归纳性内容分析。
研究结果——管理与领导能力特征被归为以下几类：与医疗保健背景相关的、运营方面的和一般性的。
研究局限/启示——本研究的一个局限在于，在文献中仅找到13篇关于管理与领导能力特征的文章。然而，检索词是相关的，且检索过程得到了一位信息专家的认可。研究结果表明需要摒弃对领导和管理能力的个体评估方法。管理与领导能力需要从整体角度更频繁地进行评估，而不仅仅基于在组织层级中的职位或医疗保健领域的专业。
原创性/价值——作者在不采用基于特定专业的方法的情况下对管理与领导能力特征进行评估，具有原创性。
