Švegar Domagoj, Fiamengo Nadalia, Grundler Marija, Kardum Igor
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
Int J Psychol. 2018 Feb;53(1):49-57. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12256. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
The goal of this research was to examine the effects of facial expressions on the speed of sex recognition. Prior research revealed that sex recognition of female angry faces was slower compared with male angry faces and that female happy faces are recognized faster than male happy faces. We aimed to replicate and extend the previous research by using different set of facial stimuli, different methodological approach and also by examining the effects of some other previously unexplored expressions (such as crying) on the speed of sex recognition. In the first experiment, we presented facial stimuli of men and women displaying anger, fear, happiness, sadness, crying and three control conditions expressing no emotion. Results showed that sex recognition of angry females was significantly slower compared with sex recognition in any other condition, while sad, crying, happy, frightened and neutral expressions did not impact the speed of sex recognition. In the second experiment, we presented angry, neutral and crying expressions in blocks and again only sex recognition of female angry expressions was slower compared with all other expressions. The results are discussed in a context of perceptive features of male and female facial configuration, evolutionary theory and social learning context.
本研究的目的是考察面部表情对性别识别速度的影响。先前的研究表明，与男性愤怒面孔相比，对女性愤怒面孔的性别识别较慢，且女性快乐面孔的识别速度比男性快乐面孔更快。我们旨在通过使用不同的面部刺激集、不同的方法学途径，以及考察其他一些先前未探索的表情（如哭泣）对性别识别速度的影响，来重复并扩展先前的研究。在第一个实验中，我们呈现了展示愤怒、恐惧、快乐、悲伤、哭泣的男性和女性面部刺激，以及三种无情感表达的对照条件。结果显示，与其他任何条件下的性别识别相比，对愤怒女性的性别识别明显较慢，而悲伤、哭泣、快乐、恐惧和中性表情并未影响性别识别速度。在第二个实验中，我们分块呈现愤怒、中性和哭泣表情，同样只有对女性愤怒表情的性别识别比所有其他表情都慢。研究结果在男性和女性面部结构的感知特征、进化理论和社会学习背景的框架下进行了讨论。
