Buchachenko Anatoly
Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2016 Jan;37(1):1-13. doi: 10.1002/bem.21947.
The main source of magnetic and electromagnetic effects in biological systems is now generally accepted and demonstrated in this paper to be radical pair mechanism which implies pairwise generation of radicals in biochemical reactions. This mechanism was convincingly established for enzymatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and desoxynucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by using catalyzing metal ions with magnetic nuclei ((25)Mg, (43)Ca, (67)Zn) and supported by magnetic field effects on these reactions. The mechanism, is shown to function in medicine as a medical remedy or technology (trans-cranial magnetic stimulation, nuclear magnetic control of the ATP synthesis in heart muscle, the killing of cancer cells by suppression of DNA synthesis). However, the majority of magnetic effects in biology remain to be irreproducible, contradictory, and enigmatic. Three sources of such a state are shown in this paper to be: the presence of paramagnetic metal ions as a component of enzymatic site or as an impurity in an uncontrollable amount; the property of the radical pair mechanism to function at a rather high concentration of catalyzing metal ions, when at least two ions enter into the catalytic site; and the kinetic restrictions, which imply compatibility of chemical and spin dynamics in radical pair. It is important to keep in mind these factors to properly understand and predict magnetic effects in magneto-biology and biology itself and deliberately use them in medicine.
生物系统中磁效应和电磁效应的主要来源目前已得到普遍认可，本文也证明其为自由基对机制，这意味着在生化反应中自由基成对产生。通过使用具有磁核的催化金属离子（（25）Mg、（43）Ca、（67）Zn），该机制在酶促三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）合成中得到了令人信服的确立，并得到了磁场对这些反应影响的支持。该机制在医学中作为一种医疗手段或技术发挥作用（经颅磁刺激、心肌中ATP合成的核磁控制、通过抑制DNA合成杀死癌细胞）。然而，生物学中的大多数磁效应仍无法重复、相互矛盾且难以捉摸。本文指出造成这种状态的三个原因是：顺磁性金属离子作为酶位点的组成部分或作为无法控制数量的杂质存在；自由基对机制在催化金属离子浓度相当高时起作用的特性，此时至少有两个离子进入催化位点；以及动力学限制，这意味着自由基对中化学和自旋动力学的兼容性。牢记这些因素对于正确理解和预测磁生物学及生物学本身中的磁效应，并在医学中有意利用它们非常重要。
