Murawska-Cialowicz E, Wojna J, Zuwala-Jagiello J
University School of Physical Education, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Wroclaw, Poland.
Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw, Poland.
J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015 Dec;66(6):811-21.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein that stimulates processes of neurogenesis, the survival of neurons and microglia, stimulates neuroplasticity, and takes part in the differentiation of cells developed in the hippocampus. BDNF is also released from skeletal muscles during exercise and can facilitate cross-talk between the nervous and muscular system. Irisin, the exercise hormone, is also released from skeletal muscles and is involved in oxidation processes in the organism. It is a vital issue from the point of view of prophylaxis and treatment through exercise of age-related diseases (e.g. senile dementia), obesity, type-2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to assess the changes in BDNF and irisin levels in young people after a 3-month CrossFit training program. At baseline and after the training, levels of BDNF and irisin were assayed before and after Wingate and progressive tests. Physical performance, body mass and composition, and muscle circumferences were also measured. There were noted: an improvement in aerobic capacity, an increase in VO2max, a reduction in adipose tissue percentage in women and an increase in LBM in all subjects. After CrossFit training the resting BDNF level increased significantly in all subjects while the resting level of irisin decreased in women, without changes in men. The resting level of BDNF at baseline was higher in men than in women. At baseline we observed an increased level of BDNF in women after Wingate and progressive tests, but in men only after the progressive test. After 3 months of CrossFit training the level of BDNF increased in all subjects, and also was higher in men than in women. In women we did not observe significant differences after both tests in comparison to rest. After the training BDNF was lower in men after Wingate and progressive tests than at rest. At baseline irisin level decreased in women after the Wingate and progressive tests. Changes in men were not observed after both tests. There were no differences in irisin levels between the baseline and 3 months after the training after Wingate and progressive tests. A beneficial influence of CrossFit training on the subjects' body composition, anaerobic capacity and cardiovascular fitness as well as an increase in BDNF makes it possible to assume that this type of training could have a very high application value, especially in a therapeutic process leading to improving a patient's wellbeing.
脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）是一种蛋白质，它能刺激神经发生过程、神经元和小胶质细胞的存活，促进神经可塑性，并参与海马体中发育细胞的分化。BDNF在运动过程中也会从骨骼肌中释放出来，并且能够促进神经和肌肉系统之间的相互作用。鸢尾素，即运动激素，同样从骨骼肌中释放出来，并参与机体的氧化过程。从通过运动预防和治疗与年龄相关的疾病（如老年痴呆症）、肥胖症、2型糖尿病的角度来看，这是一个至关重要的问题。本研究的目的是评估在为期3个月的CrossFit训练计划后，年轻人血液中BDNF和鸢尾素水平的变化。在训练开始前及结束后，分别在温盖特测试和递增负荷测试前后测定BDNF和鸢尾素水平。同时还测量了身体机能、体重与身体成分以及肌肉围度。结果发现：有氧运动能力有所改善，最大摄氧量增加，女性的脂肪组织百分比降低，所有受试者的瘦体重增加。经过CrossFit训练后，所有受试者静息状态下的BDNF水平显著升高，而女性静息状态下的鸢尾素水平下降，男性则无变化。训练开始前，男性静息状态下BDNF水平高于女性。在训练开始前，温盖特测试和递增负荷测试后女性血液中BDNF水平升高，但男性仅在递增负荷测试后升高。经过3个月的CrossFit训练后，所有受试者的BDNF水平均升高，且男性高于女性。在女性中，与静息状态相比，两项测试后均未观察到显著差异。训练后，男性在温盖特测试和递增负荷测试后的BDNF水平低于静息状态。在训练开始前，温盖特测试和递增负荷测试后女性鸢尾素水平下降。两项测试后男性未观察到变化。温盖特测试和递增负荷测试后，训练开始前与训练3个月后的鸢尾素水平无差异。CrossFit训练对受试者的身体成分、无氧能力和心血管健康有有益影响，同时BDNF水平升高，这使得我们可以认为这种训练方式具有很高的应用价值，特别是在改善患者健康状况的治疗过程中。
