Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.
Behav Brain Res. 2021 Sep 10;413:113472. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113472. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
The purposes of the present study were (1) to explore and compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on neurocognitive performance and molecular biomarkers in late middle-aged and older adults, and (2) to examine the relationships of HIIT/MICE exercise-induced neurocognitive changes with changes in circulating irisin and BDNF levels elicited by different acute exercise modes. Using a within-subject design, twenty-one participants completed an acute bout of 30 min of HIIT, MICE, or a non-exercise-intervention (REST) session in a counterbalanced order. The neuropsychological [i.e., accuracy rate (AR) and reaction time (RT)] and neurophysiological [i.e., event-related potential (ERP) P3 latency and amplitude] indices were simultaneously measured when the participants performed a working memory task at baseline and after an intervention mode. Blood samples were also taken before and after the intervention mode. The results showed that, although ARs were significantly increased only via the MICE intervention mode, the acute HIIT and MICE interventions improved RT performance and increased ERP P3 amplitudes in the late middle-aged and older adults under consideration. Serum BDNF levels were significantly increased with the acute HIIT and MICE interventions, and significant irisin level increases were only observed following the HIIT intervention. However, changes in the levels of Irisin and BDNF pre- and post-intervention were not correlated with changes in neurocognitive performance, with the exception of the correlation between the changes in irisin levels and RTs with acute exercise in the MICE intervention mode. The present findings suggested similar beneficial effects on neurocognitive performance (i.e., RTs and ERP P3 amplitudes) and peripheral BDNF levels following MICE and HIIT interventions in the middle-aged and older adults. In terms of ARs and irisin, the two acute exercise modes appear to induce divergent effects. Irisin may play a potential facilitating role in the neuropsychological (e.g., RT) performance of working memory in such a group. However, the mechanisms remain to be determined.
（1）探究和比较高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和中等强度持续运动（MICE）对中老年人大脑认知功能和分子生物标志物的急性影响；（2）检验 HIIT/MICE 运动诱导的大脑认知变化与不同急性运动模式下循环鸢尾素和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平变化的关系。研究采用被试内设计，21 名参与者以平衡的方式先后完成 30 分钟 HIIT、MICE 或非运动干预（REST）的急性运动。参与者在基线和干预模式后进行工作记忆任务时，同时测量神经心理学（即准确率（AR）和反应时间（RT））和神经生理学（即事件相关电位（ERP）P3 潜伏期和振幅）指标。在干预模式前后也采集血样。结果表明，虽然仅通过 MICE 干预模式可显著提高 AR，但 HIIT 和 MICE 急性干预可改善中老年人大脑认知的 RT 表现并增加 ERP P3 振幅。血清 BDNF 水平在 HIIT 和 MICE 干预后均显著升高，且仅在 HIIT 干预后观察到鸢尾素水平显著升高。然而，干预前后 Irisin 和 BDNF 水平的变化与大脑认知表现的变化没有相关性，除了在 MICE 干预模式下急性运动与 Irisin 水平变化与 RT 呈负相关。这些发现表明，在中年和老年人中，MICE 和 HIIT 干预对大脑认知功能（即 RT 和 ERP P3 振幅）和外周 BDNF 水平有相似的有益影响。就 AR 和鸢尾素而言，两种急性运动模式似乎产生了不同的影响。鸢尾素可能在该群体的工作记忆神经心理（如 RT）表现中发挥潜在的促进作用。但是，其机制仍需确定。
