Exploring new biomarkers in the tumour microenvironment of canine inflammatory mammary tumours.

Human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and canine inflammatory mammary cancer (CIMC) are the most aggressive forms of mammary cancer. Current research aims to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated gene expression levels of biomarkers associated with the inflammatory microenvironment. A total of 32 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of canine mammary carcinoma (CIMC = 26; non-CIMC = 6) were used and their cDNA subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to establish gene expression levels for mediators commonly implicated in linking carcinogenesis with inflammation. Gene expression differences between CIMC and non-CIMC types were obtained for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) (P = 0.004), synuclein gamma (SNCG) (P = 0.006), tribbles 1 (P = 0.025), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P = 0.017) and CSF1R (P = 0.045). Among these biomarkers correlations were found, particularly between SNCG and tribbles 1 (r = 0.512, P = 0.001). The efficient metastasis of CIMC is intimately linked to components in the tumour microenvironment. This study suggests that upregulation and correlation of SNCG and tribbles 1 deserves to be further explored.