Powers D A
Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950
Science. 1989 Oct 20;246(4928):352-8. doi: 10.1126/science.2678474.
Fish represent the largest and most diverse group of vertebrates. Their evolutionary position relative to other vertebrates and their ability to adapt to a wide variety of environments make them ideal for studying both organismic and molecular evolution. A number of other characteristics make them excellent experimental models for studies in embryology, neurobiology, endocrinology, environmental biology, and other areas. In fact, they have played a critical role in the development of several of these disciplines. Research techniques that enable scientists to make isogenic lines in a single generation, create and maintain mutants, culture cells, and transfer cloned genes into embryos signal an increasing role for fish as experimental models.
鱼类是脊椎动物中数量最多、种类最丰富的群体。它们相对于其他脊椎动物的进化地位以及适应多种环境的能力，使其成为研究生物进化和分子进化的理想对象。鱼类的一些其他特性使其成为胚胎学、神经生物学、内分泌学、环境生物学及其他领域研究的优秀实验模型。事实上，它们在其中一些学科的发展中发挥了关键作用。使科学家能够在一代内培育出同基因品系、创造并维持突变体、培养细胞以及将克隆基因导入胚胎的研究技术，标志着鱼类作为实验模型的作用日益增强。
