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当一个稍微年长的成年人在场时,同伴群体中的青少年会做出更谨慎的决策。

Adolescents in Peer Groups Make More Prudent Decisions When a Slightly Older Adult Is Present.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Temple University.

Department of Psychology, Temple University Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University

出版信息

Psychol Sci. 2016 Mar;27(3):322-30. doi: 10.1177/0956797615620379. Epub 2016 Jan 20.

Abstract

Adolescents make more reckless decisions when with peers than when alone, which poses a challenge for organizations that place adolescents in situations in which risky and myopic decision making is problematic. We asked whether the effect of peers on adolescents' decision making is mitigated by the presence of a slightly older adult. We examined whether target subjects' risk taking was greater when they were in groups of 4 late-adolescent males (ages 18-22) than when they were in groups that mixed 3 late-adolescent males with 1 slightly older adult (age 25-30); risk taking in both of these conditions was compared with that of adolescents tested alone. We found that adolescents took more risks and expressed stronger preference for immediate rewards when they were grouped with 3 same-age peers than when they were alone. When 1 adolescent was replaced by someone slightly older, however, adolescents' decision making and reward processing resembled that seen when adolescents were tested alone. Adding a young adult to a work team of adolescents may improve group decision making.

摘要

青少年与同伴在一起时比独处时做出更鲁莽的决定,这给那些让青少年处于存在冒险和短视决策问题的情况下的组织带来了挑战。我们想知道,当存在一个稍微年长的成年人时,同伴对青少年决策的影响是否会减轻。我们观察了当目标主体处于 4 名晚青春期男性(18-22 岁)的群体中时,与处于将 3 名晚青春期男性与 1 名稍年长成年人(25-30 岁)混合的群体中时,他们的冒险行为是否更大;并将这两种情况下的风险承担与单独测试的青少年进行了比较。我们发现,当青少年与 3 名同龄同伴分组时,他们会承担更多的风险,并表现出对即时奖励的更强偏好,而当他们独自一人时则不会。然而,当有一个青少年被一个稍微年长的人取代时,青少年的决策和奖励处理方式就类似于单独测试时的情况。在青少年的工作团队中增加一个年轻的成年人可能会改善团队决策。

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