尼日利亚西南部护理专业学生在减少与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱感和歧视方面的知识、态度和实践。
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination reduction among nursing students in southwest Nigeria.
作者信息
Farotimi Adekunbi A, Nwozichi Chinomso Ugochukwu, Ojediran Tolulope D
机构信息
Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun, Nigeria.
Department of Community/Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun, Nigeria.
出版信息
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015 Nov-Dec;20(6):705-11. doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.170011.
BACKGROUND
One of the reported obstacles to the achievement of universal access to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention, treatment, care, and support programs includes stigma and discrimination from health workers, particularly nurses. Since nursing students would become future practising nurses and are most likely exposed to caring for people living with HIV/AIDS (PL WHA) during their training, it is of great importance to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of student nurses toward the reduction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A descriptive survey research design was used. A total of 150 nursing students were selected using the simple random sampling technique of fish bowl method with replacement. Data were obtained using a self-administered (33-item) validated questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of student nurses with regard to HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination reduction strategies. Reliability of the tool was tested using Cronbach alpha (R) yielding a reliability value of 0.72. Data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages.
RESULTS
Majority (76.0%) of the respondents were females and 82.7% were married. Respondents were found to have high knowledge (94.0%) of strategies for reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. Also, 64% had moderate discriminatory attitude, 74% engaged in low discriminatory practice, while 26% engaged in high discriminatory practice.
CONCLUSIONS
Student nurses had adequate knowledge about strategies for reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination; negative discriminatory attitude toward PLWHA and some form of discriminatory practices exist in participants' training schools. It is, therefore, recommended that an educational package on reduction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination be developed and implemented for the participants.
背景
据报道，实现普遍获得人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）预防、治疗、护理和支持项目的障碍之一包括来自医护人员，尤其是护士的耻辱感和歧视。由于护理专业学生将成为未来的执业护士，并且在培训期间很可能会接触到照顾艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLWHA）的工作，因此评估实习护士对减少与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱感和歧视的知识、态度和行为具有重要意义。
材料与方法
采用描述性调查研究设计。使用有放回的鱼缸法简单随机抽样技术共选取了150名护理专业学生。通过一份自我管理的（33项）经过验证的问卷来获取数据，以评估实习护士在减少与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱感和歧视策略方面的知识、态度和行为。使用克朗巴哈α系数（R）对工具的信度进行测试，得出信度值为0.72。收集到的数据采用频率和百分比的描述性统计方法进行分析。
结果
大多数（76.0%）受访者为女性，82.7%已婚。发现受访者对减少与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱感和歧视的策略有较高的知晓率（94.0%）。此外，64%的人有中度歧视态度，74%的人有低度歧视行为，而26%的人有高度歧视行为。
结论
实习护士对减少与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱感和歧视的策略有足够的了解；参与者所在的培训学校存在对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的负面歧视态度和某种形式的歧视行为。因此，建议为参与者制定并实施一套关于减少与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱感和歧视的教育方案。
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