Pourjam Reyhaneh, Rahimi Khalifeh Kandi Zahra, Estebsari Fatemeh, Karimi Yeganeh Farank, Safari Mehdi, Barati Mohadaseh, Mostafaei Davoud
Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2020 Apr 28;12:165-173. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S242784. eCollection 2020.
Young people are the main group at risk of HIV/AIDS due to factors such as curiosity, peer pressure, lack of knowledge and skills, unsafe sexual behaviors, and drug abuse. The present study was conducted to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among medical and non-medical students in Iran.
This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a population consisting of the students of Shahid Beheshti University (SBU) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU). A total of 303 students were randomly selected from the two universities. Data were collected using a researcher-made HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using the independent -test, Mann-Whitney's -test, the ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS-18. P<0.05 was set as the level of significance for all the tests.
The frequencies of marital status, education, smoking, alcohol and psychotropic substance use, employment status, and source of information differed significantly between the medical and non-medical students. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding knowledge (P<0.001) and practice (P=0.019) regarding HIV/AIDS. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their attitude toward HIV/AIDS (P=0.503). The results of the ANOVA revealed a significant correlation between marital status and practice (P=0.022), education and attitude (P=0.004), and smoking and knowledge (P=0.008) among the medical students. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the demographic variables and knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among the non-medical students (P>0.005).
The present findings showed that designing and developing appropriate educational programs, offered through group media, scientific seminars, courses, lectures, and group discussions, can be effective in enhancing the students' knowledge and changing their attitudes and should be incorporated into healthcare programs.
由于好奇心、同伴压力、知识与技能缺乏、不安全的性行为以及药物滥用等因素，年轻人是感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的主要风险群体。本研究旨在比较伊朗医科学生和非医科学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的知识、态度和行为。
本横断面描述性分析研究以沙希德·贝赫什提大学（SBU）和沙希德·贝赫什提医科大学（SBMU）的学生为研究对象。从这两所大学中随机选取了303名学生。使用研究者自制的艾滋病毒/艾滋病知识、态度和行为问卷收集数据。然后在SPSS - 18中使用独立样本t检验、曼 - 惠特尼U检验、方差分析和克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验对数据进行分析。所有检验的显著性水平设定为P<0.05。
医科学生和非医科学生在婚姻状况、教育程度、吸烟、饮酒和使用精神药物、就业状况以及信息来源方面的频率存在显著差异。两组在艾滋病毒/艾滋病知识（P<0.001）和行为（P = 0.019）方面存在显著差异。同时，两组在对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的态度方面没有显著差异（P = 0.503）。方差分析结果显示，医科学生中婚姻状况与行为（P = 0.022）、教育程度与态度（P = 0.004）以及吸烟与知识（P = 0.008）之间存在显著相关性。同时，非医科学生的人口统计学变量与艾滋病毒/艾滋病知识、态度和行为之间没有显著差异（P>0.005）。
目前的研究结果表明，通过集体媒体、科学研讨会、课程、讲座和小组讨论等方式设计和开展适当的教育项目，对于提高学生的知识水平和改变他们的态度是有效的，应纳入医疗保健项目中。
