Lichterfeld A, Lahmann N, Blume-Peytavi U, Kottner J
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2016 Apr;56:37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.003. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Maintaining and improving skin health of patients and long-term care receivers is a widely agreed upon goal in health and nursing care. Care dependent and aged persons have a high predisposition to develop dry skin conditions.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and severity of skin dryness in hospitals and nursing homes and to identify person- and health-related variables associated with this skin condition.
The study was part of a bigger annual multicentre descriptive cross-sectional prevalence study of health problems.
SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen nursing homes and six hospitals in Germany participated in this study in 2014. A total of 1710 subjects (n=1091 long-term care residents and n=619 in-patients) were included.
Skin assessments were conducted and skin dryness was measured using the Overall Dry Skin Score. Mobility was measured using the respective item of the Care Dependency Scale. Demographic, functional and physiological parameters were compared between subjects with and without dry skin. A logistic regression model predicting skin dryness was created.
The prevalence of skin dryness was 48.8% (95% CI 46.5-51.2). Nursing home residents were most often affected (52.6%; 95% CI 49.6-55.6) compared to in-patients (42.2%; 95% CI 38.3-46.1). The skin of feet and legs were most often affected by skin dryness (42.9%) compared to other skin areas. Being older (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01-1.02), having pruritus (OR 14.21; 95% CI 8.00-22.95), oncological (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.30-2.91), musculoskeletal diseases (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.64), being skin care independent (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32-0.70) were the strongest covariates for the presence of dry skin in the multivariate model.
Based on a large sample results indicate that approximately every second nursing home resident and hospital in-patient are affected by dry skin. Severe forms occur more often in hospital in-patients compared to nursing home residents. Skin care interventions to tackle dry skin are recommended particularly for hospital patients and nursing home residents who are affected by pruritus or oncological diseases, who are in need of washing/bathing assistance, and who have musculoskeletal diseases.
维持并改善患者及长期护理对象的皮肤健康是健康与护理领域广泛认可的目标。需要护理的人群及老年人极易出现皮肤干燥问题。
本研究旨在评估医院和养老院中皮肤干燥的患病率及严重程度，并确定与这种皮肤状况相关的个人及健康相关变量。
该研究是一项规模更大的关于健康问题的年度多中心描述性横断面患病率研究的一部分。
地点/参与者：2014年，德国的14家养老院和6家医院参与了本研究。共纳入1710名受试者（n = 1091名长期护理居民和n = 619名住院患者）。
进行皮肤评估，并使用总体皮肤干燥评分来测量皮肤干燥程度。使用护理依赖量表的相应项目来测量活动能力。比较有皮肤干燥和无皮肤干燥的受试者之间的人口统计学、功能和生理参数。建立了预测皮肤干燥的逻辑回归模型。
皮肤干燥的患病率为48.8%（95%置信区间46.5 - 51.2）。与住院患者（42.2%；95%置信区间38.3 - 46.1）相比，养老院居民受影响最为常见（52.6%；95%置信区间49.6 - 55.6）。与其他皮肤部位相比，足部和腿部皮肤最常受到皮肤干燥的影响（42.9%）。年龄较大（比值比1.01；95%置信区间1.01 - 1.02）、有瘙痒症（比值比14.21；95%置信区间8.00 - 22.95）、患有肿瘤疾病（比值比1.95；95%置信区间1.30 - 2.91）、肌肉骨骼疾病（比值比1.31；95%置信区间1.04 - 1.64）、无需他人协助进行皮肤护理（比值比0.48；95%置信区间0.32 - 0.70）是多变量模型中皮肤干燥存在的最强协变量。
基于大量样本的结果表明，大约每两名养老院居民和住院患者中就有一人受到皮肤干燥的影响。与养老院居民相比，严重形式在住院患者中更为常见。建议针对受瘙痒症或肿瘤疾病影响、需要协助进行洗漱/沐浴以及患有肌肉骨骼疾病的医院患者和养老院居民采取皮肤护理干预措施来解决皮肤干燥问题。
